Rasmussen's encephalitis is a progressive childhood disease of unknown cause characterized by severe epilepsy, hemiplegia, dementia, and inflammation the brain. During efforts to raise antibodies recombinant glutamate receptors (GluRs), behaviors typical seizures histopathologic features mimicking were found in two rabbits immunized with GluR3 protein. A correlation was between presence serum detected protein immunoblot analysis immunoreactivity transfected cells expressing GluR3. Repeated...

A monoclonal antibody (4F5) was generated against a portion of the putative extracellular domain glutamate receptor subunit GluR5. Western blot analyses and immunocytochemistry transfected human embryonic kidney 293 cells confirmed that 4F5 specific for GluR5, -6, -7 (the three identified members kainate class), but did not recognize GluR1, -2, or -3 AMPA/kainate class). The subsequently used to examine immunocytochemically regional, laminar, cellular distribution GluR5/6/7 subunits at light...

A noninvasive method to predict aggressiveness of high-grade meningiomas would be desirable because it help anticipate tumor recurrence and improve management the treatment outcomes. The Ki-67 protein is a marker proliferation, apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) related cellularity. Therefore, we sought determine whether there statistically significant correlation between ADC values in can differentiate various meningioma subtypes.MRI examinations histopathology 68 surgically treated were...

To validate the T1- and T2-weighted (T1w/T2w) MRI ratio technique in evaluating myelin neonatal brain.T1w T2w MR images of 10 term neonates with normal-appearing brain parenchyma were obtained from a single 1.5 Tesla retrospectively analyzed. T1w/T2w created postprocessing pipeline qualitatively compared standard clinical sequences (T1w, T2w, apparent diffusion coefficient [ADC]). Quantitative assessment was also performed to assess detecting areas known myelination (e.g., posterior limb...

Bacterial superantigens induce peripheral unresponsiveness in CD4+ T cell populations that express appropriate Vbeta chains. We have used Vbeta3/Valpha11 receptor transgenic (Tg) mice and the Vbeta3-specific superantigen staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA) to further investigate mechanisms contribute such unresponsiveness. As other models, vivo exposure SEA rendered Tg cells unresponsive subsequent restimulation vitro with antigen or mitogens. However, when SEA-treated were completely...

Serial Follow-Up MRI of Indeterminate Cystic Lesions the Pineal Region: Experience at a Rural Tertiary Care Referral CenterKeith A. Cauley1 2, Grant J. Linnell2, Steven P. Braff2 and Christopher G. Filippi2Audio Available | Share

DNA-binding complexes which are temporally regulated in developing rat brain have been identified by their ability to interact with the kappa B enhancer sequence electrophoretic mobility-shift assays. These complexes, referred as developing-brain factors (DBFs) 1 and 2, abundant nuclear extracts from through postnatal day 2 decline nearly undetectable levels 7. DBFs were not detected cultured cell lines or tissues other than brain. The highest level of DBF activity was observed cortex,...

A new non-alpha (n alpha) member of the nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChR) gene family designated GFn alpha-2 has been identified in goldfish retina by cDNA cloning. This clone encodes a protein with structural features common to all nAChR subunits sequenced date; however, unlike known alpha-subunits receptor, it lacks cysteine residues believed be involved binding. Northern blot analysis shows multiple transcripts hybridizing but undetectable levels hybridizable RNA brain, muscle, or...

Object Cavernous malformations (CMs) can cause symptoms that appear out of proportion to the lesion size, leading one hypothesize they may have an effect on adjacent white matter is not fully explained by local mass effect. The goal this study was investigate diffusion tensor (DT) properties CMs, hemosiderin rim, and normal-appearing matter. Methods Eighteen cavernous were characterized using standard MR imaging sequences as well 6-direction DT with single-shot echo planar–gradient at 3...

The purpose of this study was to test a hypothesis that routinely performed diffusion-tensor trace imaging is sufficient image quality and sensitivity for infarct detection safely replace standard diffusion-weighted (DWI) in the clinical setting.Both routine DWI 15-direction (DTI) with parallel acquisition technique were obtained on all brain MRI studies from single 1.5-T scanner at tertiary care referral center over 1-year period, permitting direct comparison two different diffusion same...

cDNAs encoding a novel nAChR structural subunit (GFn alpha-3) and ligand-binding (GF have been isolated from goldfish retina cDNA library. The protein encoded by GFn alpha-3 shares 88% amino acid similarity with that alpha-2, gene previously identified to be expressed in this system (Cauley et al., 1989). is likely the homolog of rat (Boulter 1986). Northern blots S1 protection experiments show GF genes are brain. identifies multiple RNAs differing their 3' untranslated regions. In situ...

<i>Background/Aims:</i> As a preoperative planning tool, conventional magnetic resonance (MR) imaging may have limited value in differentiating tumors from white matter tracts. MR diffusion tensor (MRDTI) has become useful tool for evaluating tracts relation to surrounding structures and been used surgical brain involving matter. We investigated the use of DTI optic nerves pediatric suprasellar tumors. <i>Methods:</i> present findings 10 control patients 2 cases which...

MR morphometric studies have suggested that structural brain abnormalities including corpus callosum enlargement may, in part, explain cognitive deficits children with neurofibromatosis type 1 (NF-1). Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) metrics of the adults NF-1 recently been reported, but such are needed. The purpose this study was to quantify DTI at 3 T different regions NF-1.DTI from seven consecutively identified patients (6 boys and girl; age range, 3-17 years; average age, 7.0 years) were...

The aim of this study was to investigate the use one magnetic resonance image-processing tool, FSL, in its ability perform automated segmentation computed tomographic images brain.Head tomography (CT) were brain extracted and segmented using FSL tools BET FAST, respectively. products analyzed by histogram. impact image intensity inhomogeneity correction investigated simulated bias fields, 14 routine head CT scans, selected illustrative clinical cases.FSL FAST performs direct images,...

Identification of early ischemic changes (EIC) on noncontrast head CT scans performed within the first few hours stroke onset may have important implications for subsequent treatment, though is poorly delimited these studies. Lack sharp lesion boundary delineation in infarcts precludes manual volume measures, as well measures using edge-detection or region-filling algorithms. We wished to test a hypothesis that image intensity inhomogeneity correction provide sensitive method identifying...

<b>SUMMARY:</b> Vestibular schwannomas are common, and gamma knife radiosurgery is a treatment option of symptomatic tumors. Hydrocephalus may be complication vestibular schwannoma, though the cause-and-effect relationship can debated because tumors cause hydrocephalus without treatment. We present an MR imaging study unusual case communicating after schwannoma in which timeline events strongly suggests that played contributory role development hydrocephalus. discuss risk factors for...