A harmonic oscillator topology displaying an improved phase noise performance is introduced in this paper. Exploiting the advantages yielded by operating core transistors class-C, a theoretical 3.9 dB improvement compared to standard differential-pair LC-tank achieved for same current consumption. Further benefits derive from natural rejection of tail bias noise, and absence parasitic nodes sensitive stray capacitances. Closed-form phase-noise equations obtained rigorous time-variant circuit...

Knowledge of the dielectric properties human tissues is important for several biomedical applications, including imaging and hyperthermia treatment, as well determining safety thresholds in policy making. Breast tissues, both normal tumorous, are particular interest because medical social impact breast cancers. While experimental data available up to 20 GHz, higher frequencies, this information missing, or has been extrapolated from models based on lower-frequency data. Emerging technologies...

Power efficiency in switched common source class-E amplifiers is usually obtained at the expense of device stress. Device stacking a viable way to reduce voltage drops across single device, improving long-term reliability. In this paper, we focus on cascode-based topologies, analyzing loss mechanisms and giving direction optimize design. particular, new dissipative mechanism, peculiar cascode implementation, identified circuit solution minimize its effect proposed. Prototypes, realized...

A careful comparison between alternative topologies to realize low-noise wideband TIAs is carried out in this work. In order break the tradeoff noise and bandwidth, proposed front-end uses two stages, i.e. a narrowband transimpedance interface followed by an equalizer aimed at restoring required bandwidth. The technique especially effective for white components. core first-stage amplifier exploits current reuse minimum power consumption optimized colored reduction. net 4 × reduction achieved...

High-capacity wireless links at millimeter-Waves are candidate for backhaul infrastructure to small-cell mobile networks. However, the use of high-order modulation schemes sets challenging phase-noise specifications integrated frequency synthesizers. Moreover, adaptive suggests local oscillators exploiting noise scaling, up several decibel depending on channel conditions. In this paper, multi-core switch-coupled LC voltage-controlled proposed achieve ultra-low phase and scalable performance...

Medical imaging currently relies on several techniques, including X-rays, magnetic resonance, and echography. However, these techniques exhibit drawbacks, alternative approaches are required. Microwave has been proposed as a possible solution, especially for breast cancer imaging. most of systems work with central frequency few gigahertz, this leads to suboptimum resolution, which can jeopardize the image quality. Millimeter waves provide superior resolutions, at cost lower penetration depth...

Injection-locked LC dividers for low-power quadrature generation are discussed in this paper. Modeling the circuits as regenerative frequency leads to very simple analytical expressions locking band, phase deviation from and noise. Maximizing ratio between injected biasing current is beneficial all above parameters whereas reducing tank quality factor improves band accuracy, though at expense of consumption, given output amplitude. To validate theory, experiments have been carried on a...

A CMOS oscillator employing differential transistor pairs working in Class-C push-pull configuration is presented. The exhibits the same advantages enjoyed by complementary topologies on oscillators based a single pair, while yielding substantial power consumption reduction thanks to operation. phase-noise performance and fundamental conditions required keep transistors are analyzed detail. It shown that, for an optimal performance, both nMOS pMOS should not be pushed into deep triode region...

Wireless on-chip processing at millimeter waves still lacks key functions: quadrature generation enabling direct conversion architectures and simplifying phased-array systems, frequency division with an operating range wide enough to compensate spreads due component variations. This paper addresses the implementation of these functions, introducing new circuit solutions. The voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) relies on a ring two tuned VCOs, where oscillation depends inter-stage passive...

The white noise to phase conversion of one- and two-port CMOS differential-pair harmonic oscillators with transformer-based resonators is addressed in this paper. First, the operation double-tuned transformer reviewed design guidelines are proposed maximize quality factor. A rigorous approach then employed approximate network a second order RLC model near resonances, greatly simplifying problem handling complex equations higher resonator. results applied calculations, leading simple, yet...

On-chip frequency generators for high applications suffer from degradation of key passive components, variable capacitors in particular. In this framework, multipliers can play a role, allowing the design voltage-controlled oscillators running at lower than required with advantage terms signal spectral purity and tuning range. paper we present two injection locked doublers Ku-band F-band respectively. Despite differences implementation details, same topology where push-push pair injects...

High-rate communications technology leveraging the unlicensed spectrum around 60 GHz is almost ready for deployment with several demonstrations of successful wireless links. One key aspect transceiver ability to handle analog fractional bandwidths in order 20%, challenging both linear processing chain and frequency reference generator. In classical LC loaded stages bandwidth trades gain making them unsuitable wide band amplifiers at millimeter-waves where available device relatively low....

Signal processing in ultra-wide bandwidths is one of the key challenges design multi-Gb/s wireless transceivers at mm-Waves, where channels covering 57GHz to 66GHz are specified. Further considering spreads due process variations and stringent reference phase noise ensure signal integrity calls for an tuning range low-noise on-chip oscillator. Meeting this target even more challenging when adopting ultra-scaled CMOS technology node passive components suffer from a reduced quality factor (Q)...

The doubly-tuned magnetic transformer, comprising coupled inductors shunted by capacitors, is today widely in use as interstage network and for impedance matching silicon millimeter waves amplifiers. It provides several advantages, compared with simple LC resonators, but the design made complex high order of network, featuring multiple resonances, large number components to be selected. In this paper, a novel approach analysis such proposed. shown that response can very well approximated,...

A four-level pulse-amplitude modulation (PAM-4) transceiver operating up to 64 Gb/s in 28-nm CMOS fully depleted silicon-on-insulator (FDSOI) for short-reach electrical links is presented. The receiver equalization relies on a flexible continuous-time linear equalizer (CTLE), providing very accurate channel inversion through transfer function that can be optimally adapted at low frequency, mid-frequency, and high frequency independently. CTLE meets the performance requirements of CEI-56G-VSR...

This letter presents single-ended and differential D-band power amplifiers (PAs) in 55nm SiGe BiCMOS technology. The proposed PAs exploit the remarkable features of common-base stages for rising efficiency, i.e., 1) higher breakdown voltage; 2) sharp compression profile due to enhanced linearity; 3) supply current adapted signal amplitude by means clamping. A four-stage PA proves P <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">1dB</sub> = 16.8...

This article presents a <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink"> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$Ka$ </tex-math></inline-formula> -band bidirectional transceiver front end and its integration in an image-reject up/down converter module 28-nm bulk CMOS. In the radio frequency (RF) end, transformer-based transmit/receive (T/R) switch is exploited for minimum area occupation without affecting linearity isolation between transmitter...

A 16-element 140–160-GHz phased array transceiver is reported. The chipset fabricated using STMicroelectronics' 55-nm SiGe BiCMOS process. Five different chips are implemented: a 4-channel transmitter with maximum gain per channel of 15 dB and 0-dBm saturated output power; receiver 8 dB, −10.4-dBm input 1-dB compression point (IP1 dB), minimum noise figure (NF) 15.6 channel; 0–1-GHz to I/Q up-converter integrated frequency doubler, exhibiting −13.5-dB conversion (CG) −6-dBm 70–80-GHz local...

This paper presents the first quadrature RF receiver front-end where, in a single stage, low-noise amplifier (LNA), mixer and voltage-controlled oscillator (VCO) share same bias current. The new structure exploits intrinsic mixing functionality of classical LC tank providing compact low-power solution compatible with low-voltage technologies. A 0.13-mum CMOS prototype tailored to GPS application is presented. experimental results exhibit noise figure 4.8 dB, gain 36 an IIP3 -19 dBm total...

Continuous frequency tuning by control of the magnetic field a transformer - capacitor tank, in selective oscillator, is explored this work. A quadrature generator built connecting two identical oscillator cells feedback loop. The topology itself assures currents windings are aligned phase, while their relative amplitude determines, via coupling, oscillators' tank reactance, i.e., oscillation frequency. This paper introduces idea, analyzes amplitude, band, phase noise, and accuracy,...

An analytic approach for the estimation of phase and amplitude imbalances caused by component mismatches parasitic magnetic fields in two popular quadrature LC oscillators is presented. Very simple closed-form equations are derived, proving that, although topologies share same small signal circuit, they display very different sensitivities to mentioned sources imbalance. Moreover, it shown that inductors coupling, overlooked up date, plays a key role ultimately limiting achievable accuracy....

The availability of wide-band low-power frequency dividers is fundamental in transceivers for emerging mm-wave applications. Up to date injection locked topologies have been investigated very high operations but at the price large area and limited range. In this work, we investigate a new class based on dynamic latches with load modulation. proposed can be viewed as evolution classic static CML where regenerative cross-coupled pair removed minimum parasitic output nodes, i.e., maximum speed,...

In the present paper we report our latest efforts in pushing boundaries of synergistic catalysis. We propose use 3 different catalytic cycles working concert for formation cis cyclopropane derivatives benzoxazoles with excellent stereoselectivities. This is proof concept that catalysis could be successfully used cascade reactions.

Electrical link migration requires serial interfaces to operate at increasing data rates. Despite the fact that most standards still employ NRZ, practical signal integrity constraints demand PAM-4 modulation, especially for some interconnect applications and low-loss profiles [1]. Nevertheless, compared design of high-speed transmitters entails several challenges. Achieving high linearity without reducing output amplitude is key preserve SNR, which tightened by intrinsic 1/3 eye reduction....