A startle stimulus has been shown to elicit a ballistic response in reaction time (RT) task at very short latencies without involvement of the cerebral cortex (J. Valls-Solé, J. C. Rothwell, F. Gooulard, G. Cossu, & E. Muñoz, 1999). The present authors examined nature response. simple RT was used which 8 participants performed arm extension movements 3 target distances (20deg;, 40deg;, and 60deg;) blocked design. An unpredictable startling acoustic (124 dB) replaced imperative certain...

Abstract Two experiments were conducted in which participants (N = 12, Experiment 1; N 2) performed rapid aiming movements with and without visual feedback under blocked, random, alternating schedules. Prior knowledge of whether vision would be available had a significant impact on the strategies that adopted. When they knew available, less time was spent preparing before movement initiation. Participants also reached peak deceleration sooner but more after adjusting limb trajectories....

Abstract Two experiments were conducted to determine if typical right hand target aiming advantages could be reduced or eliminated by increasing the spatial demands of task. In Experiment 1, we found for both movement time and error regardless characteristics When introduced a greater degree uncertainty in 2, subjects exhibited left reaction advantage. Taken together our results suggest that cerebral hemisphere may have special role play preparing aspects an movement, while is more important...

There is evidence that female athletes may be more susceptible to exercise-induced arterial hypoxemia and expiratory flow limitation have greater increases in operational lung volumes during exercise relative men. These pulmonary limitations ultimately lead levels of diaphragmatic fatigue women. Accordingly, the purpose this study was determine whether there are sex differences prevalence severity 38 healthy endurance-trained men (n = 19; maximal aerobic capacity 64.0 +/- 1.9 ml x kg(-1)...

It is not known whether the high total work of breathing (WOB) in exercising women higher due to differences resistive or elastic WOB. Accordingly, purpose this study was determine which factors contribute WOB during exercise women. We performed a comprehensive analysis previous data from 16 endurance-trained subjects (8 men and 8 women) that underwent progressive cycle test exhaustion. Esophageal pressure, lung volumes, ventilatory parameters were continuously monitored throughout exercise....

An experiment was conducted to examine the contribution of sensory information asymmetries in manual aiming. Movements were performed four vision conditions. In full-vision condition (FV), subjects afforded both hand and target throughout course movement. ambient-illumination-off (AO), room lights extinguished at movement initiation, preventing moving limb. target-off (TO) condition, upon initiation a no-vision (NV) ambient illumination removed response Results indicated that accuracy...

The influence of information-based dynamics on coordination rhythmic movement was examined with special reference to the expression asymmetries. In Experiment 1, right-handed subjects performed unimanual, rhythmical movements in either a discrete or continuous visual display. right hand-visual display system defined more stable perception-action collective than left, particularly when information available. 2, same bimanual action inherently collective, although similar patterns were...

Stochastic resonance (SR) occurs when the detection of a subthreshold signal is aided by presence random energy fluctuations in modality, commonly called noise. SR counterintuitive because such noise usually worsens performance. Nonetheless, has been demonstrated both theoretically and experimentally human sensory systems. Using psychophysically sophisticated paradigm, we show that aids vibrating touch stimuli presented to foot soles healthy elderly people with elevated vibrotactile...

The purpose of this study was to determine how subjects learn adjust the characteristics their manual aiming movements in order make optimal use visual information and reduce movement error. Subjects practised (120 trials) with available for either 400 msec or 600 msec. Following acquisition, they were transferred conditions which more less time. Over appeared target-aiming error by moving target area quickly greater vision when vicinity target. With practice, there also a reduction number...

This study sought to determine whether intact proprioception is required adapt a novel kinematic environment. We compared adaptation with rotated visual feedback between deafferented patient and healthy participants. They performed reaching movements towards visible targets while vision of the cursor was by 30° respect hand position. The adapted at same rate extent as controls when exposed feedback. She also presented large aftereffects following removal perturbation. suggests that not an...

The bimodal perception of speech sounds was examined in children with autism as compared to mental age—matched typically developing (TD) children. A computer task employed wherein only the mouth region face displayed and reported what they heard or saw when presented consonant-vowel unimodal auditory condition, visual a condition. Children showed less influence more on their TD peers, largely due significantly worse performance condition (lip reading). may not benefit same extent from cues...