Introduction: Fluid overload has been associated with untoward outcomes in a variety of clinical settings. Isolated extracorporeal ultrafiltration (UF) allows for mechanical extraction excess fluid and optimization volume status without the established risks use high-dose diuretics. Conventional machines renal replacement therapy can be used to perform isolated UF. However, they typically need high blood flow rates circuit volumes performed by trained nurses. Herein, we describe novel...

COVID-19 often leads to acute respiratory distress syndrome complicated by kidney injury (AKI). The indications for renal replacement therapy these patients are those commonly accepted treat AKI. We describe a continuous veno-venous haemodialysis (CVVHD) protocol AKI, which aims provide the best treatment according particular patient’s and medical personnels’ needs in biohazard settings with limited human technological resources. designed CVVHD high cut-off (HCO) filter regional citrate...

COVID-19 is spreading globally with the angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE)-2 serving as entry point of SARS-CoV-2 virus. This raised concerns how ACE2 and Renin-Angiotensin (Ang)-System (RAS) are to be dealt given their roles in hypertension involvement COVID-19's morbidity mortality. Specifically, increased expression response treatment ACE inhibitors (ACEi) Ang II receptor blockers (ARBs) might theoretically increase risk by increasing binding sites. However, part protective...

Introduction: Fluid overload and congestion are common features in patients with heart failure associated negative clinical outcomes. Therapies for these conditions diuretic-centered but frequently fail to achieve patient-adequate hydration status, prompting the use of extracorporeal ultrafiltration. Artificial Diuresis 1 (AD1) is a miniaturized, portable, wearable system designed deliver isolated ultrafiltration finest degree simplicity practicality. Methods/Design: Single-center,...

Sepsis is a life-threatening multiple-organ dysfunction induced by infection and one of the leading causes mortality critical illness worldwide. The pathogenesis sepsis involves alteration several biochemical pathways such as immune response, coagulation, endothelium tissue damage through cellular death and/or apoptosis. Recently, in vitro vivo studies reported changes morphology shape human red blood cells (RBCs) causing erythrocyte (eryptosis) during sepsis. Characteristics eryptosis...

Introduction: We have recently developed a new miniaturized device for extracorporeal ultrafiltration (UF) to be used in patients with fluid overload: Artificial Diuresis-1 (AD1) (Medica S.p.A., Medolla, Italy). The has reduced priming volume, operates at very low pressures and flow regimes, is designed perform UF bedside. After accurate experiments were carried out vitro, we report this paper the results of vivo sessions selected animals according veterinary best practice. Materials...

The COVID-19 pandemic has focused interest on the renin-angiotensin system (RAS), as it is not only part of its infection process but also lung injury, a major cause morbidity and mortality. current state our understanding RAS led to conflicting suggestions regarding how role in should inform treating COVID-19. It been suggested that angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors or angiotensin II-type 1 receptor blockers (ARBs) be avoided, they potentially upregulate ACE2, entry point for...

Fluid overload in different acute or chronic clinical settings results unfavorable outcomes. The use of restrictive strategies for fluid control the diuretics is frequently ineffective and requires extracorporeal ultrafiltration removal excess volume. These treatments are performed with bulky machinery require highly specialized personnel. creation a miniaturized device (artificial diuresis) would fill technological gap this sector by responding to needs cost containment rehabilitation...

Two human genetic tubulopathies, Bartter's (BS) and Gitelman's (GS) syndromes, have normo/hypotension absent cardiac remodeling despite their apparent angiotensin system (RAS) activation. This seeming contradiction has led to an extensive investigation of BSGS patients, the result which is that represents a mirror image hypertension. BSGS's unique set properties then permitted use as model probe characterize RAS pathways oxidative stress in cardiovascular renal pathophysiology. review...

Protocols for regional citrate anticoagulation with the hypertonic 4% trisodium solution have been recently described as an strategy during membrane therapeutic plasma exchange (mTPE). The effect of in patient's systemic hemostasis is negligible, thus application advantageous circumstances which heparin-based protocols are deemed unsafe patients a high risk bleeding. downsides using solutions mainly hypocalcemia and hypernatremia that ultimately can cause adverse clinical events.(1) A...

Abstract BACKGROUND AND AIMS ACE2, part of the counter-regulatory arm renin–angiotensin system, serves both as protective toward oxidative stress and cardiovascular remodeling a key entry for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). ACE2 has two isoforms, non-glycosylated glycosylated, latter being accountable binding with SARS-CoV-2. After binding, viruses use proteases cathepsin-L (Cat-L) to cells. Both glycosylation Cat-L activity are pH-dependent. Gitelman Bartter...

ACE2, part of the counterregulatory arm ennin-angiotensin system, serves both as protective toward oxidative stress and cardiovascular enninling key entry for SARS-CoV-2. ACE2 has two isoforms, non-glycosylated glycosylated, being this latter accountable binding with After binding, viruses use proteases cathepsin-L (Cat-L) to cells. Both glycosylation Cat-L activity are pH-dependent. Gitelman Bartter syndromes (GS/BS), rare genetic tubulopathies, characterized by electrolytic alterations,...

Objective: ACE2 in addition to be the counterregulatory enzyme RAS system, is entry point of SARS-CoV-2. Several studies have reported its protective role SARS-CoV-2-induced Acute Distress Syndrome (ARDS) and a relationship between Rho kinase (ROCK), ARDS increased levels induced by ROCK inhibitors. Cells’ expression two different immunoreactive forms, glycosylated unglycosylated, but only associated with viral binding. ACE2-glycosylation driven acidic pH intracellular...

Abstract Background and Aims COVID-19 is spreading globally with Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE)-2 serving as the entry point of SARS-CoV-2 virus. This raised concerns how ACE2 Renin-Angiotensin (Ang)-System (RAS) are to be dealt given their involvement in COVID-19’s morbidity mortality. Specifically, increased expression response treatment ACE inhibitors (ACEi) Ang II receptor blockers (ARBs) might theoretically increase risk by increasing binding sites. However, part protective...