A5012643118- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Climate variability and models
- Climate change and permafrost
- Methane Hydrates and Related Phenomena
- CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Climate Change Policy and Economics
- Environmental Impact and Sustainability
- Distributed and Parallel Computing Systems
- Gut microbiota and health
- Plant Water Relations and Carbon Dynamics
- Earthquake Detection and Analysis
- Biofuel production and bioconversion
- Cryospheric studies and observations
- demographic modeling and climate adaptation
- Geological Modeling and Analysis
- Forest Biomass Utilization and Management
- Scientific Research and Discoveries
- Geophysics and Gravity Measurements
- Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction
- Forest ecology and management
- Peatlands and Wetlands Ecology
- Enzyme-mediated dye degradation
- Clinical Nutrition and Gastroenterology
- Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology
University of Exeter
2020-2025
University of Massachusetts Amherst
2013-2015
Soil microbes are major drivers of soil carbon cycling, yet we lack an understanding how climate warming will affect microbial communities. Three ongoing field studies at the Harvard Forest Long-term Ecological Research (LTER) site (Petersham, MA) have warmed soils 5°C above ambient temperatures for 5, 8, and 20 years. We used this chronosequence to test hypothesis that communities changed in response chronic warming. Bacterial community composition was studied using Illumina sequencing 16S...
Abstract. The response of soil carbon represents one the key uncertainties in future climate change. ability Earth system models (ESMs) to simulate present-day is therefore vital for reliably estimating global budgets required Paris Agreement targets. In this study CMIP6 ESMs are evaluated against empirical datasets assess each model and related controls: net primary productivity (NPP) turnover time (τs). Comparing with previous generation (CMIP5), a lack consistency modelled remains,...
Lignocellulosic biofuels are promising as sustainable alternative fuels, but lignin inhibits access of enzymes to cellulose, and by-products degradation can be toxic cells. The fast growth, high efficiency specificity employed in the anaerobic litter deconstruction carried out by tropical soil bacteria make these organisms useful templates for improving biofuel production. facultative anaerobe Enterobacter lignolyticus SCF1 was initially cultivated from Cloud Forest soils Luquillo...
Abstract Carbon cycle feedbacks represent large uncertainties in climate change projections, and the response of soil carbon to contributes greatest uncertainty this. Future changes depend on litter root inputs from plants especially reductions turnover time ( τ s ) with warming. An approximation latter term for top one metre (Δ C s,τ can be diagnosed projections made CMIP6 CMIP5 Earth System Models (ESMs), is found span a range even at 2 °C global warming (−196 ± 117 PgC). Here, we present...
Abstract Earth System Models (ESMs) continue to diagnose a wide range of carbon budgets for each level global warming. Here, we present emergent constraints on the budget as function warming, which combine available ESM historical simulations and future projections scenarios, with observational estimates warming anthropogenic CO 2 emissions day. We estimate mean likely ranges cumulative Paris targets 1.5 °C 812 [691, 933] PgC 1048 [881, 1216] PgC, are more than 10% larger ensemble values...
Recent studies suggest that the northern terrestrial permafrost region was a weak CO2 sink during period 2000-2020. Future model projections remain highly uncertain – will or become source of CO2? And, if it becomes source, when? Here we use novel probabilistic framework PRIME (Probabilistic Regional Impacts from Model patterns and Emissions) constrained with observations to quantify range plausible pathways. Included are uncertainties in global temperature response emissions which...
Regionalized climate risk assessments are crucial for understanding impacts on ecosystems and society, to allow planning change. While existing Earth System Models (ESMs) provide a framework such assessments, they often lack the critical processes simulated by dedicated Impact Models. However, driven output data from ESMs, which may need bias-correcting, therefore, there is significant time lag in modelling chain. Furthermore, reliance ESM limits our analysis handful of scenarios (i.e. SSPs)...
Understanding the sensitivity of soil carbon cycling to climate change is key quantifying future cycle feedbacks. Under increased atmospheric CO2, both input from vegetation and output due heterotrophic respiration will increase, balance between these determine ability land surface be a sink or source carbon. The Earth system models (ESMs) simulate related processes therefore vital for reliably estimating global budgets required emission policies. Soil simulation, projections feedbacks are...
Abstract. Climate policies evolve quickly, and new scenarios designed around these are used to illustrate how they impact global mean temperatures using simple climate models (or emulators). Simple extremely efficient, although some can only provide estimates of metrics such as surface temperature, CO2 concentration effective radiative forcing. Within the Intergovernmental Panel on Change (IPCC) framework, understanding regional impacts that include most recent science is needed allow...
Abstract. Reliable estimates of soil carbon change are required to determine the budgets consistent with Paris Agreement climate targets. This study evaluates projections during 21st century in Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 (CMIP6) Earth system models (ESMs) under a range atmospheric composition scenarios. In general, we find reduced spread changes global (ΔCs) CMIP6 compared previous CMIP5 model generation. However, similar reductions were not seen derived contributions ΔCs...
Abstract. Climate policies evolve quickly, and new scenarios designed around these are used to illustrate how they impact global mean temperatures using simple climate models (or emulators). Simple extremely efficient although limited showing only the picture. Within Intergovernmental Panel on Change (IPCC) framework, there is a need understand regional impacts of that include most recent science policy decisions quickly support government in negotiations. To address this, we present PRIME...
Achieving climate targets requires mitigation against change, but also understanding of the response land and ocean carbon systems. In this context, global soil stocks its to environmental changes is key. presentation, feedbacks both in atmospheric CO2 associated for Earth system models (ESMs) CMIP6 are quantified. A standard approach used calculate cycle feedbacks, which defined as specific carbon-concentration (βs) carbon-climate (γs) feedback parameters. Amongst ESMs, it...
Abstract. Achieving climate targets requires mitigation against change but also understanding of the response land and ocean carbon systems. In this context, global soil stocks their to environmental changes are key. This paper quantifies feedbacks due in atmospheric CO2, associated changes, for Earth system models (ESMs) CMIP6. A standard approach is used calculate cycle feedbacks, defined here as carbon-concentration (βs) carbon-climate (γs) feedback parameters, which broken down into...
Abstract. Reliable estimates of soil carbon change are required to determine the budgets consistent with Paris climate targets. This study evaluates projections during 21st century in CMIP6 Earth System Models (ESMs) under a range atmospheric composition scenarios. In general, we find reduced spread changes global (ΔCs) compared previous CMIP5 model generation. However, similar reductions were not seen derived contributions ΔCs due both increases plant Net Primary Productivity (NPP, named...
We present PRIME, a framework for analysis of scenarios regional impacts user-prescribed future emissions. PRIME combines global mean temperature and CO2 concentrations from the emissions driven FaIR simple climate model, as used in IPCC Sixth Assessment Report, with patterns change CMIP6 Earth System models to drive JULES land model. This simulation system projects changes surface carbon cycle. evaluate by running it Shared Socioeconomic Pathways illustrate its robustness comparing these...
Regional climate impacts studies are usually predicated on output from fully-coupled Earth system models, which, due to computational constraints, can only simulate a limited number of scenarios and ensemble members. Using the PRIME system, we spatially resolved quickly - emulating response 34 CMIP6 generating members that capture IPCC assessed range equilibrium sensitivity (ECS). We assess tail risks associated with high ECS simulations critical tropical boreal forest ecosystems over 21st...
Abstract. Achieving climate targets requires mitigation against change, but also understanding of the response land and ocean carbon systems. In this context, global soil stocks its to environmental changes is key. This paper quantifies feedback in atmospheric CO2, associated changes, for Earth system models (ESMs) CMIP6. A standard approach used calculate cycle feedbacks, defined here as specific carbon-concentration (βs) carbon-climate (γs) parameters. The sensitivity CO2 shown dominate at...
<p>Carbon cycle feedbacks represent large uncertainties on climate change projections, and the response<br>of soil carbon to contributes greatest uncertainty this. Future changes in soil<br>carbon depend litter root inputs from plants, especially reductions the<br>turnover time of (τ<sub>s</sub>) with warming. The latter represents carbon<br>due response turnover...
The response of soil carbon represents one the key uncertainties in future climate change due to competing driven feedbacks. ability Earth System Models (ESMs) simulate both present day and is therefore vital for reliably estimating global budgets required Paris agreement targets. In this presentation, simulation investigated within CMIP6 ESMs.The ESMs evaluated against empirical datasets, where a lack consistency modelled remains from previous generation models (CMIP5). This underestimation...