Abstract Glasses are among the most widely used of everyday materials, yet process by which a liquid’s viscosity increases 14 decades to become glass remains unclear, as often contradictory theories provide equally good descriptions available data. Knowledge emergent lengthscales and higher-order structure could help resolve this, but this requires time-resolved measurements dense particle coordinates—previously only obtained over limited time interval. Here we present an experimental study...

Simulation studies of the phase diagram repulsive active Brownian particles in three dimensions reveal that region motility-induced separation between a high and low density is enclosed by gas-crystal separation. Near-critical loci structural crossovers can additionally be identified analogy with simple fluids. Motivated striking similarity to behavior equilibrium fluids short-ranged pairwise attractions, we show direct mapping pair potentials dilute limit implies interactions are...

Abstract Back pain is a common condition with high social impact and represents global health burden. Intervertebral disc disease (IVDD) one of the major causes back pain; no therapeutics are currently available to reverse this disease. The bone mineral density (BMD) on IVDD has been controversial, some studies suggesting osteoporosis as causative for others it protective IVDD. Functional evaluate influence genetic components BMD in could highlight opportunities drug development repurposing....

We study wetting droplets formed of active Brownian particles in contact with a repulsive potential barrier, wedge geometry. Our numerical results demonstrate transition between partially wet and completely states, as function the barrier height, analogous to corresponding surface phase passive fluids. analyse configurations characterised by nonzero angle

We study crystallization in a model system for eicosane (C20) by means of molecular dynamics simulation and identify the microscopic mechanisms homogeneous crystal nucleation growth. For process, we observe that chains first align then straighten. Then local density increases finally monomer units become ordered positionally. The subsequent growth process is characterized sliding-in motion chains. Chains preferably attach to crystalline cluster with one end move along stems already...

Measurements of local density fluctuations are crucial to characterizing the interfacial properties equilibrium fluids. A specific case that has been well-explored involves heightened compressibility water near hydrophobic entities. Commonly, a spatial profile fluctuation strength is constructed from measurements mean and variance solvent particle number in set contiguous subvolumes system adjacent solvo-/hydrophobe. An alternative measure proposed by Evans Stewart [J. Phys.: Condens. Matter...

Among the key insights into glass transition has been identification of a nonequilibrium phase in trajectory space which reveals coexistence between normal supercooled liquid (active phase) and glassy state (inactive phase). Here, we present evidence that such occurs experiments. In colloidal hard spheres, find non-Gaussian distribution trajectories leaning towards those rich locally favored structures (LFSs), associated with emergence slow dynamics. This interpret as for to an inactive...

Geometric frustration describes the inability of a local molecular arrangement, such as icosahedra found in metallic glasses and model atomic glass-formers, to tile space. Local icosahedral order however is strongly frustrated Euclidean space, which obscures any causal relationship with observed dynamical slowdown. Here we relieve glass-forming liquid by curving 3-dimensional space onto surface 4-dimensional hypersphere. For sufficient curvature, vanishes freezes fully structure via sharp...

Key to resolving the scientific challenge of glass transition is understand origin massive increase in viscosity liquids cooled below their melting temperature (avoiding crystallisation). A number competing and often mutually exclusive theoretical approaches have been advanced describe this phenomenon. Some posit a bona fide thermodynamic phase an "ideal glass", amorphous state with exceptionally low entropy. Other are built around concept as primarily dynamic These fundamentally different...

Upon approaching the glass transition, relaxation of supercooled liquids is controlled by activated processes, which become dominant at temperatures below so-called dynamical crossover predicted Mode Coupling theory (MCT). Two main frameworks rationalising this behaviour are dynamic facilitation (DF) and thermodynamic scenario give equally good descriptions available data. Only particle-resolved data from MCT can reveal microscopic mechanism relaxation. By employing state-of-the-art GPU...

For binary fluid mixtures of spherical particles in which the two species are sufficiently different size, dominant wavelength oscillations pair correlation functions is predicted to change from roughly diameter large that small along a sharp crossover line phase diagram [C. Grodon et al., J. Chem. Phys. 121, 7869 (2004)]. Using particle-resolved colloid experiments 3d we demonstrate exists and its location quantitative agreement with results both theory our Monte-Carlo simulations. In...

Colloidal dispersions are prized as model systems to understand the basic properties of materials and central a wide range industries from cosmetics foods agrichemicals. Among key developments in using colloids address challenges condensed matter is resolve particle coordinates 3D, allowing level analysis usually only possible computer simulations. However, amorphous materials, relating mechanical microscopic structure remains problematic. This makes it rather hard understand, for example,...

We discuss the growth process of a crystalline phase out metastable over-compressed liquid that is brought into contact with substrate. The modeled by means molecular dynamics. particles interact via Lennard-Jones potential and their motion locally thermalized Langevin characterize relaxation solid-liquid interface, showing speed maximal for densities above solid coexistence density, structural properties interface rapidly converge to equilibrium-like properties. In particular, we show...

Tackling the low-temperature fate of supercooled liquids is challenging due to immense timescales involved, which prevent equilibration and lead operational glass transition. Relating glassy behaviour an underlying, thermodynamic phase transition a long-standing open question in condensed matter physics. Like experiments, computer simulations are limited by small time window over liquid can be equilibrated. Here we address challenge low temperature using trajectory sampling system undergoing...

We review recent developments in structural-dynamical phase transitions trajectory space based on dynamic facilitation theory. An open question is how the perspective glass transition may be reconciled with thermodynamic theories that posit collective reorganization accompanied by a growing static length scale and, eventually, vanishing configurational entropy. In contrast, theory invokes dynamical between an active (close to normal liquid) and inactive phase, which glassy whose order...

Many transport processes in nature take place on substrates, often considered as unidimensional lanes. These substrates are typically nonstatic: Affected by a fluctuating environment, they can undergo conformational changes. This is particularly true biological cells, where the state of substrate coupled to active motion macromolecular complexes, such motor proteins microtubules or ribosomes mRNAs, causing new interesting phenomena. Inspired protein synthesis and transport, we introduce...

Geometric frustration is an approach to the glass transition based upon consideration of locally favoured structures (LFS), which are geometric motifs minimise local free energy. proposes that a crystalline state frustrated because these LFS do not tile space. However, this concept on icosahedra always for given system. The popular Kob-Andersen (KA) model glassformer bicapped square antiprism, does Such LFS-crystal indeed realised in Al2Cu structure, predicted be low energy KA with 2:1...

We study nonequilibrium analogues of surface phase transitions in a minimal model active particles contact with purely repulsive potential barrier that mimics thin porous membrane. Under conditions bulk motility-induced separation, the interaction strength ϵ_{w} controls affinity dense for region. uncover clear signatures wetting transition as is varied. In common its equilibrium counterpart, character this depends on system dimensionality: continuous large density fluctuations and gas...

A quasi two-dimensional colloidal suspension is studied under the influence of immobilisation (pinning) a random fraction its particles. We introduce novel experimental method to perform pinning and, with support numerical simulation, we find that increasing concentration smoothly arrests system, cross-over from regime high mobility and entropy low entropy. At local level, study fluctuations in area pins map them entropic structural signatures mobility, obtaining measure for system.

We model the thermodynamics of local structures within hard sphere liquid at arbitrary volume fractions through morphometric calculation n-body correlations. calculate absolute free energies geometric motifs in excellent quantitative agreement with molecular dynamics simulations across and supercooled regimes. find a bimodality density library states where fivefold symmetric appear lower energy than fourfold from single reaction path predict dynamical barrier which scales linearly...

The atomic-scale structure, melting curve, and equation of state liquid gallium has been measured to high pressure (p) temperature (T) up 26 GPa 900 K by in situ synchrotron x-ray diffraction. Ab initio molecular dynamics simulations 33.4 1000 are excellent agreement with the experimental measurements, providing detailed insight at level pair distribution functions. results reveal an absence dimeric bonding a continuous increase average coordination number n[over ¯]_{Ga}^{Ga} from 10.4(2)...

We consider the sedimentation of a colloidal gel under confinement in direction gravity. The allows us to compare directly experiments and computer simulations, for same system size vertical direction. also leads qualitatively different behaviour compared bulk systems: large systems gelation suppresses sedimentation, but small is enhanced relative non-gelling suspensions, although rate reduced when strength attraction between colloids strong. map interaction parameters model experimental...

Collective behaviour in living systems is observed across many scales, from bacteria to insects, fish shoals. Zebrafish have emerged as a model system amenable laboratory study. Here we report three-dimensional study of the collective dynamics fifty zebrafish. We emergence changing between \yy{ordered} randomised, upon \yy{adaptation} new environmental conditions. quantify spatial and temporal correlation functions identify two length persistence nearest neighbour distance, that capture...

In trajectory space, dynamical heterogeneities in glass-forming liquids correspond to the emergence of a phase transition between an active poor local structure and inactive which is rich structure. We support this scenario with study model additive mixture Lennard-Jones particles, quantifying how choice relevant structural observable affects space. find that low mobility, structure-rich dominated by icosahedral order. Applying non-equilibrium rheological protocol, we connect order...