We show that the dynamics of kinetically constrained models glass formers takes place at a first-order coexistence line between active and inactive dynamical phases. prove this by computing large-deviation functions suitable space-time observables, such as number configuration changes in trajectory. present analytic results for dynamic facilitated mean-field approximation, numerical Fredrickson-Andersen model, East lattice gases, various dimensions. This transition is generic models, we...

The glass transition is the freezing of a liquid into solid state without evident structural order. Although glassy materials are well characterized experimentally, existence phase remains controversial. Here, we present numerical evidence for novel first-order dynamical in atomistic models formers. In contrast to equilibrium transitions, which occur configuration space, this occurs trajectory and it controlled by variables that drive system out equilibrium. Coexistence established between...

We investigate the dynamics of kinetically constrained models glass formers by analysing statistics trajectories dynamics, or histories, using large deviation function methods. show that, in general, these exhibit a first-order dynamical transition between active and inactive phases. argue that heterogeneities displayed systems are manifestation phase coexistence. In particular, we calculate functions, both analytically numerically, for Fredrickson–Andersen model, East lattice gas models....

We describe some of the important physical characteristics `pathways', i.e. dynamical processes, by which molecular, nanoscale and micron-scale self-assembly occurs. highlight fact that there exist features pathways are common to a wide range systems, even though those systems may be different in respect their microscopic details. summarize existing theoretical descriptions pathways, areas -- notably, description occur `far' from equilibrium likely become increasingly important.

We consider ensembles of trajectories associated with large deviations time-integrated quantities in stochastic models. Motivated by proposals that these are relevant for physical processes such as shearing and glassy relaxation, we show how they can be generated directly using auxiliary processes. illustrate our results the Glauber-Ising chain, which biased exhibit ferromagnetic ordering. discuss relation between quantum phase transitions.

We analyze dynamical large deviations of quantum trajectories in Markovian open systems their full generality. derive a level-2.5 deviation principle for these systems, which describes the joint fluctuations time-averaged jump rates and state long times. Like its counterpart classical continuous-time Markov chains (which it contains as special case), this description is both explicit complete, statistics arbitrary time-extensive observables can be obtained by contraction from rate functional...

We analyse biased ensembles of trajectories for diffusive systems. In either by the total activity or current, we use fluctuating hydrodynamics to show that these systems exhibit phase transtions into `hyperuniform' states, where large-wavelength density fluctuations are strongly suppressed. illustrate this behaviour numerically a system hard particles in one dimension and discuss how it appears simple exclusion processes. argue generically respond very any non-zero bias, so homogeneous...

In self-assembly processes, kinetic trapping effects often hinder the formation of thermodynamically stable ordered states. a model viral capsid assembly and in phase transformation lattice gas, we show how simulations self-assembling steady state can be used to identify two distinct mechanisms trapping. We argue that one these adequately captured by rate equations, while other involves breakdown theories rely on cluster size as reaction coordinate. discuss observations might useful...

We discuss the Giardinà-Kurchan-Peliti population dynamics method for evaluating large deviations of time-averaged quantities in Markov processes [Phys. Rev. Lett. 96, 120603 (2006)PRLTAO0031-900710.1103/PhysRevLett.96.120603]. This exhibits systematic errors which can be some circumstances, particularly systems with weak noise, many degrees freedom, or close to dynamical phase transitions. show how these mitigated by introducing control forces within algorithm. These are determined an...

Active systems evade the rules of equilibrium thermodynamics by constantly dissipating energy at level their microscopic components. This flux stems from conversion a fuel, present in environment, into sustained individual motion. It can lead to collective effects without any equivalent, such as phase separation for purely repulsive particles, or motion (flocking) aligning particles. Some these be rationalized using tools recapitulate nonequilibrium transitions. An important challenge is...

Active work measures how far the local self-forcing of active particles translates into real motion. Using population Monte Carlo methods, we investigate large deviations in for repulsive Brownian disks. Minimizing generically results dynamical arrest; contrast, despite lack aligning interactions, trajectories high correspond to a collectively moving, aligned state. We use heuristic and analytic arguments explain origin phase transitions separating arrested, typical, regimes.

We present an information-theoretic approach inspired by distributional clustering to assess the structural heterogeneity of particulate systems. Our method identifies communities particles that share a similar local structure harvesting information hidden in spatial variation two- or three-body static correlations. This corresponds unsupervised machine learning infers solely from particle positions and their species. apply this three models supercooled liquids find it detects subtle forms...

We explore the emergence of nonequilibrium collective motion in disordered nonthermal active matter when persistent and crowding effects compete, using simulations a two-dimensional model size polydisperse self-propelled particles. In stark contrast with monodisperse systems, we find that polydispersity stabilizes homogeneous liquid at arbitrary large persistence times, characterized by remarkable velocity correlations irregular turbulent flows. For all values, fluid undergoes glass...

We study two models of overdamped self-propelled disks in dimensions, with and without aligning interactions. Both support active mesoscale flows, leading to chaotic advection transport over large length scales their homogeneous dense fluid states, away from dynamical arrest. They form streams vortices reminiscent multiscale flow patterns turbulence. show that the characteristics these flows do not depend on specific details fluids, result competition between crowding effects persistent...

Dynamic heterogeneity in glass formers has been related to their static structure using the concept of dynamic propensity. We reexamine this relationship by analyzing dynamical fluctuations two atomistic and theoretical models. introduce quantitative statistical indicators which show that dynamics individual particles cannot be predicted on basis propensity or any structural indicator. However, spatial field does have predictive power for correlations associated with heterogeneity. Our...

Ultrasound accurately demonstrates morphologic characteristics of choroidal tumors and associated ocular changes, ie, retinal detachment vitreous hemorrhage. Serial examinations are valuable in documentation tumor growth. Acoustic enable differentiation from ophthalmoscopically similar lesions, prediction type. examination is important eyes with opaque media (cornea, aqueous, lens, vitreous) when suspected (10% enucleated harbor unsuspected malignant melanomas). Ultrasonography also...

We analyze connections between structure and dynamics in two model glass formers, using the mutual information an initial configuration ensuing to compare predictive value of different structural observables. consider power normal modes, locally favored structures, coarse-grained measurements local energy density. The allows influence liquid on be analyzed quantitatively as a function time, showing that modes give most useful predictions short time scales while density are strongly at long times.

The extent to which active matter might be described by effective equilibrium concepts like temperature and pressure is currently being discussed intensely. Here we study the simplest model, an ideal gas of non-interacting Brownian particles. While mechanical exerted onto confining walls has been linked correlations between particles' positions their orientations, show that these are entirely controlled boundary effects. We also consider a definition local pressure, describes interparticle...

We analyze large deviations of the time-averaged activity in one-dimensional Fredrickson-Andersen model, both numerically and analytically. The model exhibits a dynamical phase transition, which appears as singularity deviation function. finite-size scaling this transition numerically, by generalizing an existing cloning algorithm to include multicanonical feedback control: significantly improves computational efficiency. Motivated these numerical results, we formulate effective theory for...

We consider unsupervised learning methods for characterizing the disordered microscopic structure of supercooled liquids and glasses. Specifically, we perform dimensionality reduction smooth structural descriptors that describe radial bond-orientational correlations assess ability method to grasp essential features glassy binary mixtures. In several cases, a few collective variables account bulk fluctuations within first coordination shell also display clear connection with particle...

We study wetting droplets formed of active Brownian particles in contact with a repulsive potential barrier, wedge geometry. Our numerical results demonstrate transition between partially wet and completely states, as function the barrier height, analogous to corresponding surface phase passive fluids. analyse configurations characterised by nonzero angle

We analyze the dynamics of metastable Markovian open quantum systems by unraveling their average into stochastic trajectories. use reset processes as examples to illustrate phenomenology, including a simple three-state model whose metastability is classical type, and two-qubit that features decoherence-free subspace. In model, trajectories exhibit phenomenology: fast relaxation distinct phases slow transitions between them. This extends existing correspondence metastability. It enables...

Dynamical four-point susceptibilities measure the extent of spatial correlations in dynamics glass forming systems. We show how these depend on lengthscales that necessarily form part their definition. The behavior is estimated by means an analysis terms renewal processes within context dynamic facilitation. analytic results are confirmed numerical simulations atomistic model former, and two kinetically constrained models. Hence we argue scenario predicted facilitation approach generic.