Articular cartilage is the highly specialized connective tissue of diarthrodial joints. Its principal function to provide a smooth, lubricated surface for articulation and facilitate transmission loads with low frictional coefficient (Figure 1). devoid blood vessels, lymphatics, nerves subject harsh biomechanical environment. Most important, articular has limited capacity intrinsic healing repair. In this regard, preservation health are paramount joint health. Figure 1. Gross...

Our study evaluated tendon-to-bone healing in a dog model. Twenty adult mongrel dogs had transplantation of the long digital extensor tendon into 4.8-millimeter drill-hole proximal tibial metaphysis. Four were killed at each five time-periods (two, four, eight, twelve, and twenty-six weeks after transplantation), histological biomechanical characteristics tendon-bone interface evaluated. Serial analysis revealed progressive reestablishment collagen-fiber continuity between bone tendon. A...

Information regarding the structure, composition, and function of knee menisci has been scattered across multiple sources fields. This review contains a concise, detailed description menisci-including anatomy, etymology, phylogeny, ultrastructure biochemistry, vascular anatomy neuroanatomy, biomechanical function, maturation aging, imaging modalities.A literature search was performed by PubMed OVID articles published from 1858 to 2011.This study highlights structural, compositional,...

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an emerging pandemic caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Although majority of patients who become infected with SARS-CoV-2 are asymptomatic or have mild symptoms, some develop symptoms that can permanently detract from their quality life. closely related to SARS-CoV-1, which causes (SARS). Both viruses infect system, and there direct indirect effects this infection on multiple organ systems, including...

Background: There is a strong need for methods to improve the biological potential of rotator cuff tendon healing. Platelet-rich fibrin matrix (PRFM) allows delivery autologous cytokines healing tissue, and limited evidence suggests positive effect platelet-rich plasma on biology. Purpose: To evaluate Study Design: Randomized controlled trial; Level evidence, 2. Methods: Seventy-nine patients undergoing arthroscopic repair were randomized intraoperatively either receive PRFM at tendon-bone...

Background Rotator cuff tendons heal to bone with interposed scar tissue, which makes repairs prone failure. The purpose of this study was determine if the application marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) can improve rotator healing after repair. Hypothesis Application MSCs repair site will result in superior results compared controls on histologic and biomechanical testing. Study Design Controlled laboratory study. Methods Ninety-eight Lewis rats underwent unilateral detachment...

Sheep knee meniscus was regenerated by spatiotemporal delivery of two recombinant human proteins in 3D-printed bioresorbable scaffold.

Background: Failure of tendon healing after a rotator cuff repair is demonstrated by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as fluid-filled defect within the tendon. The frequency of, and factors associated with, failure to heal have been focus many clinical studies. timing when these defects occur has not previously studied in large prospectively defined patient population, our knowledge. It was hypothesis that majority failures twelve weeks surgery. Methods: One hundred thirteen patients were...

Background: Rotator cuffs heal through a scar tissue interface after repair that makes them prone to failure. Scleraxis (Scx) is basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor thought direct tendon development during embryogenesis. The purpose of this study was determine if the application mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) transduced with adenoviral-mediated scleraxis (Ad-Scx) could improve regeneration tendon-bone insertion site in rat rotator cuff model. Hypothesis: Bone marrow–derived Scx would...

Abstract The purpose of this study was to test the hypothesis that specific cytokines are involved in initiation and evolution fibrotic process adhesive capsulitis shoulder. After approval from Institutional Review Board, biopsies shoulder capsule synovium were collected during arthroscopy 19 patients with capsulitis, 14 nonspecific synovitis no fibrosis or clinical evidence seven undergoing surgery for another pathology who had a normal synovium. Immunohistochemical localization monoclonal...

This study examines the hypothesis that recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 can enhance ingrowth into a tendon graft placed tunnel. We transplanted long digital extensor drill hole in proximal tibia 65 adult mongrel dogs. applied two different doses of protein to tendon-bone interface one limb using an absorbable type I collagen sponge carrier and only contralateral (control) limb. The healed attachment was evaluated at serial times between 3 days 8 weeks radiography, histologic...

Background: Many patient-based knee-rating scales are available for the evaluation of athletic patients. However, there is little information on measurement properties these instruments and therefore no evidence to support use one questionnaire rather than another. The goal present study was determine reliability, validity, responsiveness four commonly used patients: Lysholm scale, subjective components Cincinnati system, American Academy Orthopaedic Surgeons sports Activities Daily Living...

Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs are commonly prescribed after rotator cuff repair. These agents can impair bone formation, but no studies have evaluated their impact on tendon-to-bone healing.Traditional nonselective nonsteroidal and cyclooxygenase-2-specific interfere with healing.Controlled laboratory study.One hundred eighty Sprague-Dawley rats underwent acute repairs. Postoperatively, 60 received 14 days of celecoxib, a drug; indomethacin, traditional standard rat chow. Animals were...

Football is one of the leading causes athletic-related injuries. Injury rates and patterns training camp period National League are unknown.Injury will vary with time, injury differ between practices preseason games.Descriptive epidemiology study.From 1998 to 2007, data were collected from 1 team during its period. Injuries recorded as a strain, sprain, concussion, contusion, fracture/dislocation, or other injury. The was further categorized by location on body. determined based exposure an...

Background: Clinical studies have demonstrated a high rate of incomplete healing rotator cuff tendon repair. Since such repair is dependent on bone ingrowth into the repaired tendon, we hypothesized that osteoinductive growth factors would improve tendon-healing. Methods: Seventy-two skeletally mature sheep underwent detachment infraspinatus followed by immediate The animals received one three treatments at tendon-bone interface: (1) an protein extract Type-I collagen sponge carrier, (2)...