A5101444794- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations
- Air Traffic Management and Optimization
- Aeolian processes and effects
- Icing and De-icing Technologies
- Spectroscopy and Laser Applications
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Climate variability and models
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Spacecraft and Cryogenic Technologies
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Rocket and propulsion systems research
- Radiative Heat Transfer Studies
- Catalytic Processes in Materials Science
- Military History and Strategy
- Multimedia Communication and Technology
- Photography and Visual Culture
- Traffic control and management
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Advanced Combustion Engine Technologies
Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e. V. (DLR)
2015-2024
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
2013-2023
Dienstleistungszentrum Ländlicher Raum
2020
Fraunhofer Institute for Industrial Engineering
2012
Max Planck Institute for Infection Biology
2010
Max Planck Society
2010
University of Luxembourg
2009
Abstract The Midlatitude Cirrus experiment (ML-CIRRUS) deployed the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) to obtain new insights into nucleation, life cycle, climate impact of natural cirrus aircraft-induced contrail cirrus. Direct observations properties their variability are still incomplete, currently limiting our understanding clouds’ on climate. Also, dynamical effects clouds feedbacks not adequately represented in today’s weather prediction models. Here, we present...
Abstract Contrail cirrus account for the major share of aviation’s climate impact. Yet, links between jet fuel composition, contrail microphysics and impact remain unresolved. Here we present unique observations from two DLR-NASA aircraft campaigns that measured exhaust characteristics an Airbus A320 burning either standard fuels or low aromatic sustainable aviation blends. Our results show soot particles can regulate number ice crystals current emission levels. We provide experimental...
Abstract. Powering aircraft by sustainable aviation fuels (SAFs) is a pathway to reduce the climate impact of lowering lifecycle CO2 emissions and reducing ice crystal numbers radiative forcing from contrails. While effect SAF blends on contrails has been measured previously, here we present novel measurements particle emission 100 % combustion. During ECLIF3 (Emission CLimate Impact alternative Fuels) campaign, collaboration between Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR), Airbus,...
Abstract We describe results of in situ observations a 1‐ to 2‐min‐old contrail the vortex phase generated from soot‐rich exhaust (>10 15 emitted soot particles per kilogram fuel burned). Simultaneous measurements (EI ) and apparent ice (AEI particle number emission indices show pronounced anticorrelation vertical profile. AEI decrease by about 75% with increasing distance below contrail‐producing aircraft, while EI increase an equivalent relative fraction, therefore strongly suggesting...
The WeCare project (Utilizing Weather information for Climate efficient and eco future aviation), an internal of the German Aerospace Center (Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, DLR), aimed at finding solutions reducing climate impact aviation based on improved understanding atmospheric from by making use measurements modeling approaches. made some important contributions to advance scientific in area air transportation research. We characterize contrail properties, show that aircraft...
Abstract The largest share in the climate impact of aviation results from contrail cirrus clouds. Here, dependence microphysical ice properties and extinction on temperature humidity is investigated. Contrail measurements were performed at various altitudes during 2018 ECLIF II/NDMAX campaign with NASA DC‐8 chasing DLR A320. Ice number concentrations coefficients are near 9.5 km, typical for short‐ medium‐range air traffic. At higher 11.5 low ambient water vapor lead to smaller particle...
Abstract The Polar Stratosphere in a Changing Climate (POLSTRACC) mission employed the German High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO). payload comprised an innovative combination of remote sensing situ instruments. instruments provided high-resolution observations cirrus polar stratospheric clouds (PSCs), large number reactive long-lived trace gases, temperature at aircraft level. Information above underneath level was achieved by as well dropsondes. took place from 8 December...
Abstract. Knowledge of humidity in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS) is special interest due to its importance for cirrus cloud formation climate impact. However, UTLS water vapor distribution current weather models subject large uncertainties. Here, we develop a dynamic-based correction method using an artificial neural network (ANN) improve relative over ice (RHi) ECMWF numerical predictions. The model trained with time-dependent thermodynamic dynamical variables from...
Abstract. The investigation of the impact aircraft parameters on contrail properties helps to better understand climate from aviation. Yet, in observations, it is a challenge separate and meteorological influences formation. During CONCERT campaign November 2008, contrails 3 Airbus passenger types A319-111, A340-311 A380-841 were probed at cruise under similar conditions with situ instruments board DLR research Falcon. Within 2 min-old detected near ice saturation, we find effective...
Abstract. Accurate measurement of water vapor in the climate-sensitive region near tropopause is very challenging. Unexplained systematic discrepancies between measurements at low mixing ratios made by different instruments on airborne platforms have limited our ability to adequately address a number relevant scientific questions humidity distribution, cloud formation and climate impact that region. Therefore, during past decade, community has undertaken substantial efforts understand these...
Abstract. Sustainable aviation fuels can reduce contrail ice numbers and radiative forcing by cirrus. We measured apparent emission indices for with varying aromatic content at altitude ranges of 9.1–9.8 11.4–11.6 km. Measurement data were collected during the ECLIF II/NDMAX flight experiment in January 2018. The varied both quantity type. Between a sustainable fuel blend reference Jet A-1, maximum reduction 40 % was found. show vertical number extinction distributions three different...
Abstract. To determine the impact of dynamic and aerosol processes on marine low clouds, we examine seasonal updraft speed w cloud condensation nuclei concentration at 0.43 % supersaturation (NCCN0.43%) droplet number (NC) low-level clouds over western North Atlantic Ocean. Aerosol properties were measured with instruments board NASA LaRC Falcon HU-25 during ACTIVATE (Aerosol Cloud meTeorology Interactions oVer ATlantic Experiment) mission in summer (August) winter (February–March) 2020. The...
Abstract. Contrail cirrus constitute the largest radiative forcing (RF) component to total aviation effect on climate. However, microphysical properties and effects of contrail natural clouds in same meteorological conditions are still not completely resolved. Motivated by these uncertainties, we investigate an extended region perturbed North Atlantic (NAR) 26 March 2014 during Midlatitude Cirrus (ML-CIRRUS) experiment. On that day, high air traffic density NAR combined with large scale cold...
Abstract. Aerosol and water vapour measurements were performed with the lidar system WALES of Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt (DLR) in October November 2010 during first mission new German research aircraft G55-HALO. Curtains composed profiles beneath show vertical horizontal distribution variability mixing ratio backscatter above Germany. Two missions on 3 4 selected to derive inside cirrus clouds from instrument. A good agreement was found situ observations a second flying below...
Abstract. The ice water content (IWC) of cirrus clouds is an essential parameter determining their radiative properties and thus important for climate simulations. Therefore, a reliable measurement IWC on board research aircraft, it to carefully design the crystal sampling measuring devices. During ML-CIRRUS field campaign in 2014 with German Gulfstream GV HALO (High Altitude Long Range Research Aircraft), was recorded by three closed-path total together one gas-phase instrument. hygrometers...
Abstract. Understanding the role of climate-sensitive trace gas variabilities in upper troposphere and lower stratosphere region (UTLS) their impact on its radiative budget requires accurate measurements. The composition UTLS is governed by transport chemistry stratospheric tropospheric constituents, such as chlorine, nitrogen oxide sulfur compounds. Atmospheric chemical Ionization Mass Spectrometer AIMS has been developed to accurately measure a set these constituents aircraft means...
Abstract. Due to their fast evolution and large natural variability in macro- microphysical properties, the accurate representation of boundary layer clouds current climate models remains a challenge. One regions with intermodel spread Coupled Model Intercomparison Project Phase 6 ensemble is western North Atlantic Ocean. Here, statistically representative situ measurements can help develop constrain parameterization global models. To this end, we performed comprehensive clouds, aerosol,...
Abstract. Nitrogen oxides, emitted from air traffic, are of concern due to their impact on climate by changing atmospheric ozone and methane levels. Using the DLR research aircraft Falcon, total reactive nitrogen (NOy) measurements were carried out at high altitudes characterize emissions in fresh exhaust latest generation Rolls-Royce Trent XWB-84 engine aboard long-range Airbus A350-941 aircraft. The different thrust settings, monitored terms combustor inlet temperature, pressure, fuel...
Abstract. The Gimballed Limb Observer for Radiance Imaging of the Atmosphere (GLORIA) is an airborne infrared limb imager combining a two-dimensional detector with Fourier transform spectrometer. It was operated aboard new German Gulfstream G550 High Altitude LOng Range (HALO) research aircraft during Transport And Composition in upper Troposphere/lowermost Stratosphere (TACTS) and Earth System Model Validation (ESMVAL) campaigns summer 2012. This paper describes retrieval temperature trace...
Abstract. In order to reduce aviation's CO2 emissions and comply with current climate targets, the European Union plans a mandatory quota of 2 % sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) by 2025, rising up ≥70 SAF 2050. addition reduction life cycle emissions, use can also have positive impact on particle contrail properties. this study we present observations from ECLIF3 (Emission CLimate Impact alternative Fuels) aircraft campaign, which investigated exhaust characteristics an Airbus A350-941...
Alternative aviation fuels represent a promising approach to reduce contrails climate effect. In the frame of VOLCAN (“VOL avec Carburants Alternatifs Nouveaux”) project (DGAC funding, collaboration with AIRBUS, Safran Aircraft Engines and DLR, financed by Neofuels), influence Sustainable Fuels (SAF) composition on exhaust plumes emission, therefore contrails, is investigated using 1D detailed microphysical code MoMiE (Modèle Microphysique pour Effluents)...
Abstract Relative humidity with respect to ice (RHi) is a major factor controlling the evolution of aircraft contrails. High‐resolution airborne H 2 O measurements in and near contrails were made at rate 4.2 Hz using novel water vapor mass spectrometer AIMS‐H in‐flight calibration during CONtrail, volcano, Cirrus ExpeRimenT (CONCERT) 2011. Three min old sampled 11 km altitude. Independent ambient supersaturation or subsaturation over ice, mean RHi frequency distribution within each contrail...
Abstract. Air traffic affects cloudiness, and thus climate, by emitting exhaust gases particles. The study of the evolution contrail properties is very challenging due to complex interplay vortex dynamics atmospheric environment (e.g. temperature, supersaturation). Despite substantial progress in recent years, optical, microphysical, macrophysical contrails ambient cirrus during formation subsequent ageing are still subject large uncertainties instrumental observational limitations number...
Abstract. In the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere (UTLS), accurate quantification of low water vapor concentrations has presented a significant measurement challenge. The instrumental uncertainties are passed on to estimates H2O transport, cloud formation role in UTLS energy budget resulting effects surface temperatures. To address uncertainty determination, airborne mass spectrometer AIMS-H2O, with in-flight calibration, been developed for fast measurements. We present new setup...