A5018817798- Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols
- Atmospheric aerosols and clouds
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Atmospheric Ozone and Climate
- Air Quality Monitoring and Forecasting
- Infection Control and Ventilation
- Atmospheric and Environmental Gas Dynamics
- Aeolian processes and effects
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Environmental and biological studies
- Indoor Air Quality and Microbial Exposure
- Laser-induced spectroscopy and plasma
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
- nanoparticles nucleation surface interactions
- Ionosphere and magnetosphere dynamics
- Climate Change Communication and Perception
- COVID-19 and healthcare impacts
- Advanced Aircraft Design and Technologies
- Building Energy and Comfort Optimization
- Maritime Transport Emissions and Efficiency
- Geography and Environmental Studies
- Vehicle emissions and performance
- Renewable Energy and Sustainability
- Icing and De-icing Technologies
- Polar Research and Ecology
Max Planck Institute for Chemistry
2016-2025
Max Planck Society
2016
Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz
2007
Abstract The Midlatitude Cirrus experiment (ML-CIRRUS) deployed the High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO) to obtain new insights into nucleation, life cycle, climate impact of natural cirrus aircraft-induced contrail cirrus. Direct observations properties their variability are still incomplete, currently limiting our understanding clouds’ on climate. Also, dynamical effects clouds feedbacks not adequately represented in today’s weather prediction models. Here, we present...
Abstract Between 1 September and 4 October 2014, a combined airborne ground-based measurement campaign was conducted to study tropical deep convective clouds over the Brazilian Amazon rain forest. The new German research aircraft, High Altitude Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), modified Gulfstream G550, extensive instrumentation were deployed in near Manaus (State of Amazonas). part German–Brazilian Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, Radiation Interactions Dynamics Convective Cloud...
The role of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 viruses in airborne transmission COVID-19 has been debated. aerosols are transmitted through breathing and vocalization by infectious subjects. Some authors state that this represents the dominant route spreading, while others dismiss option. Here we present an adjustable algorithm to estimate infection risk for different indoor environments, constrained published data human aerosol emissions, viral loads, infective dose other parameters. We evaluate...
Abstract. Airborne observations over the Amazon Basin showed high aerosol particle concentrations in upper troposphere (UT) between 8 and 15 km altitude, with number densities (normalized to standard temperature pressure) often exceeding those planetary boundary layer (PBL) by 1 or 2 orders of magnitude. The measurements were made during German–Brazilian cooperative aircraft campaign ACRIDICON–CHUVA, where ACRIDICON stands for Aerosol, Cloud, Precipitation, Radiation Interactions Dynamics...
Abstract. Two different single particle mass spectrometers were operated in parallel at the Swiss High Alpine Research Station Jungfraujoch (JFJ, 3580 m a.s.l.) during Cloud and Aerosol Characterization Experiment (CLACE 6) February March 2007. During mixed phase cloud events ice crystals from 5–20 μm separated larger aggregates, non-activated, interstitial aerosol particles supercooled droplets using an Ice-Counterflow Virtual Impactor (Ice-CVI). one period additionally sampled analyzed by...
Abstract. Size-resolved long-term measurements of atmospheric aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations hygroscopicity were conducted at the remote Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) in central Basin over a 1-year period full seasonal cycle (March 2014–February 2015). The provide climatology CCN properties characteristic Amazonian rain forest site.The continuously cycled through 10 levels supersaturation (S = 0.11 to 1.10 %) span particle size range from 20 245 nm. mean...
Abstract. Size-resolved measurements of atmospheric aerosol and cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) concentrations hygroscopicity were conducted over a full seasonal cycle at the remote Amazon Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO, March 2014–February 2015). In preceding companion paper, we presented annually seasonally averaged data parametrizations (Part 1; Pöhlker et al., 2016a). present study 2), analyze key features implications CCN properties for following characteristic conditions: Empirically...
Abstract. Measurements of the ambient aerosol, various trace gases and meteorological quantities using a mobile laboratory (MoLa) were performed on banks Lower Elbe in an emission control area (ECA) which is passed by numerous private commercial marine vessels reaching leaving port Hamburg, Germany. From 25–29 April 2011 total 178 probed at distance about 0.8–1.2 km with high temporal resolution. 139 ship plumes sufficient quality to be analyzed further determine factors (EFs)....
Abstract. Size-resolved and vertical profile measurements of single particle chemical composition (sampling altitude range 50–3000 m) were conducted in July 2014 the Canadian high Arctic during an aircraft-based measurement campaign (NETCARE 2014). We deployed laser ablation aerosol mass spectrometer ALABAMA (vacuum aerodynamic diameter approximately 200–1000 nm) to identify different types their mixing states. On basis analysis, we found that a significant fraction (23 %) all analyzed...
Abstract. Black carbon (BC) aerosols influence the Earth's atmosphere and climate, but their microphysical properties, spatiotemporal distribution, long-range transport are not well constrained. This study presents airborne observations of transatlantic BC-rich African biomass burning (BB) smoke into Amazon Basin using a Single Particle Soot Photometer (SP2) as several complementary techniques. We base our results on trace gases off Brazilian coast onboard HALO (High Altitude LOng range)...
Abstract. During the ACRIDICON-CHUVA field project (September–October 2014; based in Manaus, Brazil) aircraft-based situ measurements of aerosol chemical composition were conducted tropical troposphere over Amazon using High Altitude and Long Range Research Aircraft (HALO), covering altitudes from boundary layer (BL) height up to 14.4 km. The submicron non-refractory was characterized by flash-vaporization/electron impact-ionization particle mass spectrometry. results show that significant...
Abstract. We analyse aerosol particle composition measurements from five research missions between 2014 and 2018 to assess the meridional extent of particles containing meteoric material in upper troposphere lower stratosphere (UTLS). Measurements Jungfraujoch mountaintop site a low-altitude aircraft mission show that is also present within middle- lower-tropospheric but only very small proportion particles. For both UTLS campaigns lower- mid-troposphere observations, were conducted with...
Abstract Smoke from vegetation fires affects air quality, atmospheric cycling, and the climate in Amazon rain forest. A major unknown has remained quantity of long-range transported smoke Africa relation to local regional fire emissions. Here we quantify abundance, seasonality, properties African central Amazonia. We show that it accounts for ~ 60% black carbon concentrations during wet season 30% dry season. The influences aerosol-radiation interactions across entire Amazon, with strongest...
Abstract New particle formation (NPF) in the tropical upper troposphere is a globally important source of atmospheric aerosols 1–4 . It known to occur over Amazon basin, but nucleation mechanism and chemical precursors have yet be identified 2 Here we present comprehensive situ aircraft measurements showing that extremely low-volatile oxidation products isoprene, particularly certain organonitrates, drive NPF Amazonian troposphere. The organonitrates originate from OH-initiated isoprene...
Abstract. A compact mobile aerosol research laboratory (MoLa) for stationary and measurements of trace gas characteristics was developed at the Max Planck Institute Chemistry (MPIC) in Mainz, Germany. Major efforts were made to design an inlet system which is optimized characterised both, using a particle loss modelling approach. The instrumentation on board allows determination multitude physical chemical parameters, example number mass concentration (PM1/2.5/10), size distributions...
Abstract. Cloud residues and out-of-cloud aerosol particles with diameters between 150 900 nm were analysed by online single particle mass spectrometry during the 6-week study Hill Cap Thuringia (HCCT)-2010 in September–October 2010. The measurement location was mountain Schmücke (937 m a.s.l.) central Germany. More than 160 000 bipolar spectra from more 13 cloud residual obtained classified using a fuzzy c-means clustering algorithm. Analysis of uncertainty sorting algorithm conducted on...
Abstract. In situ single particle analysis of ice residuals (IPRs) and out-of-cloud aerosol particles was conducted by means laser ablation mass spectrometry during the intensive INUIT-JFJ/CLACE campaign at high alpine research station Jungfraujoch (3580 m a.s.l.) in January–February 2013. During 4-week more than 70 000 595 IPRs were analyzed covering a size diameter range from 100 nm to 3 µm. The sampled 273 h while covered mixed-phase clouds ambient temperatures between −27 −6 °C....
Abstract. Primary biological aerosol particles (PBAPs) in the atmosphere are highly relevant for Earth system, climate, and public health. The analysis of PBAPs, however, remains challenging due to their high diversity large spatiotemporal variability. For real-time PBAP analysis, light-induced fluorescence (LIF) instruments have been developed widely used laboratory ambient studies. interpretation data from these instruments, is often limited by a lack spectroscopic information. This study...
Abstract The role of aerosolized SARS-CoV-2 viruses in airborne transmission COVID-19 is debated. transmitting aerosol particles are generated through the breathing and vocalization by infectious subjects. Some authors state that this represents dominant route spreading, while others dismiss option. Public health organizations generally categorize it as a secondary pathway. Here we present simple, easy-to-use spreadsheet algorithm to estimate infection risk for different indoor environments,...
Abstract. The objective of this study is to validate parameterizations that were recently developed for satellite retrievals cloud condensation nuclei supersaturation spectra, NCCN(S), at base alongside more traditional connecting NCCN(S) with updrafts and drop concentrations. This was based on the HALO aircraft measurements during ACRIDICON–CHUVA campaign over Amazon region, which took place in September 2014. properties convective clouds measured a combination probe (CCP), aerosol...
Atmospheric oxidation of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) yields a large number different molecules which comprise wide range volatility. Depending on their volatility, they can be involved in new particle formation and growth, thus affecting the concentration cloud condensation nuclei atmosphere. Here, we identified products VOCs phase during field study at rural mountaintop station central Germany. We used atmospheric pressure chemical ionization mass spectrometry ((−)APCI-MS) aerosol for...
Abstract. Laser-induced fluorescence (LIF) is a widely used technique for both laboratory-based and ambient atmospheric chemistry measurements. However, LIF instruments require calibrations in order to translate instrument response into concentrations of chemical species. Calibration measuring OH HO2 (HOx) typically involves the photolysis water vapor by 184.9 nm light, thereby producing quantitative amounts HO2. For ground-based HOx instruments, this method calibration done at one pressure...
Abstract. The aim of this study is to show how a newly developed aerodynamic lens system (ALS), delayed ion extraction (DIE), and better electric shielding improve the efficiency Aircraft-based Laser ABlation Aerosol MAss spectrometer (ALABAMA). These improvements are applicable single-particle laser ablation mass spectrometers in general. To characterize modifications, extensive size-resolved measurements with spherical polystyrene latex particles (PSL; 150–6000 nm) cubic sodium chloride...
Abstract. The Amazon rain forest plays an important role in the biogeochemistry, water cycle, and climate of South American continent Earth system. Tall Tower Observatory (ATTO) has been established to study quantify forest-atmosphere interactions under natural conditions, as well transformation ecosystem a result increasing perturbations related deforestation change. Here, we present design first results custom-made Robotic Lift system, RoLi, installed automatically measure high-resolution...
For several decades intense new particle formation (NPF) events have been observed by aircraft measurements in the upper tropical troposphere (UTT) (Brock et al. 1995, Weigel 2011, Williamson 2019). These typically occur above 8 km altitude outflow of mesoscale convective systems. The resulting particles can grow further and be transported downwards where they enhance cloud condensation nuclei (CCN) levels over large geographic areas tropics. However, chemical mechanism driving these...