Using nonvolatile memories in memory hierarchy has been investigated to reduce its energy consumption because consume zero leakage power cells. One of the difficulties is, however, that endurance most technologies is much shorter than conventional SRAM and DRAM technology. This limited usage only low levels a hierarchy, e.g., disks, far from CPU.

Phase-change may enable continued scaling of main memories, but PCM has higher access latencies, incurs power costs, and wears out more quickly than DRAM. This article discusses how to mitigate these limitations through buffer sizing, row caching, write reduction, wear leveling, make a viable dream alternative for scalable memories.

The emerging Spin Torque Transfer memory (STT-RAM) is a promising candidate for future on-chip caches due to STT-RAM's high density, low leakage, long endurance and access speed. However, one of the major challenges STT-RAM its write current, which disadvantageous when used as an cache since dynamic power generated too high.

Using nonvolatile memories in memory hierarchy has been investigated to reduce its energy consumption because consume zero leakage power cells. One of the difficulties is, however, that endurance most technologies is much shorter than conventional SRAM and DRAM technology. This limited usage only low levels a hierarchy, e.g., disks, far from CPU. In this paper, we study use new type -- Phase Change Memory (PCM) as main for 3D stacked chip. The challenges face are PCM endurance, longer access...

Phase change memory (PCM) recently has emerged as a promising technology to meet the fast growing demand for large capacity in modern computer systems. In particular, multi-level cell (MLC) PCM that stores multiple bits single cell, offers high density with low per-byte fabrication cost. However, despite many advantages, such good scalability and leakage, suffers from exceptionally slow write operations, which makes it challenging be integrated hierarchy. this paper, we propose architectural...

Most advanced humidity sensors are powered by batteries that need regular charging and replacement, causing environmental problems complicated management issues. This paradigm has been overcome through the development of new technology based on concept simple, self-powered, rapid-response, flexible enabled properties densely packed titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanowire networks. These eliminate for an external power source produce output voltage can be readily related to ambient level over a wide...

Laser remote sensing represents a powerful tool that enables the accurate measurement of speed moving targets. Crucially, most techniques are two-dimensional (2D) and only enable direct determination along line sight. Here we put forward novel three-dimensional technique simultaneous both longitudinal angular cooperative This is based on use complex vector light beams, whose polarization spatial degree freedom coupled in non-separable way. We present evidence our by performing...

Interconnection plays an important role in performance and power of CMP designs using deep sub-micron technology. The network-on-chip (NoCs) has been proposed as a scalable high-bandwidth fabric for interconnect design. advent the 3D technology provided further opportunity to reduce on-chip communication delay. However, design NoC topologies distinctions from 2D NoCs or off-chip interconnection networks. First, current stacking allows only vertical inter-layer links. Hence, there cannot be...

MLC STT-MRAM (Multi-level Cell Spin-Transfer Torque Magnetic RAM), an emerging non-volatile memory technology, has become a promising candidate to construct L2 caches for high-end embedded processors. However, the long write latency limits effectiveness of based caches. In this paper, we address limitation with two novel designs: Line Pairing (LP) and Swapping (LS). LP forms fast cachelines by re-organizing soft bits which are faster write. LS dynamically stores frequently written data into...

Stokes polarimetry (SP) is a powerful technique that enables spatial reconstruction of the state polarization (SoP) light beam using only intensity measurements. A given SoP reconstructed from set four parameters, which are computed through Since all intensities must be performed on same beam, it common to record each individually, one after other, limiting its performance beams with static SoP. Here, we put forward novel extend SP broader dynamic This relies superposition principle,...

Liquefied carbon capture provides a streamlined pathway for obtaining liquid CO2, facilitating effective storage, transport, and sequestration. The energy-intensive multi-stage compression cooling of flue gas lead to high costs, creating substantial barriers the widespread adoption this technology. This study proposes novel liquefied system integrated with compressed energy storage (LCCS-CFES), utilizing as an medium. During off-peak periods, is pressures suitable liquefaction, while...

Technology scaling has led to the integration of many cores into a single chip. As result, on-chip interconnection networks start play more and important role in determining performance power entire Packet-switched network-on-chip (NoC) provided scalable solution communications for tiled multi-core processors. However virtual-channel (VC) buffers NoC consume significant dynamic leakage system. To improve energy efficiency router design, it is advantageous use small buffer sizes while still...

The non-separability between the spatial and polarization Degrees of Freedom (DoF) complex vector light fields has drawn significant attention in recent times. Key to this is its remarkable similarities with quantum entanglement, quantum-like effects observed at classical level. Crucially, parallelism enables use tools quantify coupling DoFs, usually implemented polarization-dependent modulators, which requires splitting mode into two orthogonal components. Here, we put forward an...

Since the diffraction behavior of a light field is fully determined by its spatial wavefunction, i.e., complex amplitude (SCA), full characterization wavefunction plays vital role in modern optics from both fundamental and applied aspects. In this work, we present novel “complex-amplitude profiler” based on Stokes tomography with capability to determine SCA single shot high precision resolution. The slice observed at any propagation plane provides complete information about field, thus...

Recent advances in planar optics with geometric phase superstructures have brought an alternative paradigm the control of structured light and, particular, substantially enhanced capabilities generating and detecting orbital angular momentum (OAM) states associated spatial modes. However, modal interface that can reciprocally link OAM via adiabatic access higher-order remains absent optics. In this work, we propose experimentally demonstrate a optical astigmatic retarder fabricated...

Complex vector light fields, characterized by their nonuniform transverse polarization distribution, offer a versatile solution for various applications. This study presents an approach to measure spatially diverse concentrations in enantiomeric mixtures containing complex solutes utilizing modes. As these beams interact with the solution, varied states induce optical rotation, directly affected varying within solution. Leveraging rich attributes of modes, additional information regarding...

Phase Change Memory (PCM) has emerged as a promising candidate for future memories. PCM high cell density, zero leakage, and stability in deep sub-micron technologies. Although limited endurance, recent endeavors have shown that its lifetime can be improved by orders of magnitude. However, major hurdle is the long write latency power. For this reason, cannot deliver satisfactory memory bandwidth high-end computing environment such multi-processing server systems. In paper, we develop...

Abstract Complex vector light fields have become a topic of late due to their exotic features, such as non-homogeneous transverse polarisation distributions and the non-separable coupling between spatial degrees freedom (DoF). In general, beams propagate in free space along straight lines, being Airy-vector vortex only known exception. Here, we introduce new family that exhibit novel properties not been observed before, ability freely accelerate parabolic trajectories. addition, distribution...

Abstract Complex vector modes represent a general state of light nonseparable in their spatial and polarization degrees freedom, which have inspired wide variety novel applications phenomena, such as unexpected propagation behaviour. For example, they can propagate describing periodic transitions, changing from one beam to another. Here, we put forward class with the capability experience an abruptly autofocusing To achieve beams, encode degree freedom Circular Airy Gaussian vortex (CAGV)...

The emerging Phase Change Memory (PCM) technology exhibits excellent scalability and density potentials. At the same time, they require high current voltages to switch cell states. Their working are provided by CMOS-compatible on-chip charge pumps (CPs). Unfortunately, CPs particularly those for RESET, have a large parasitic power (a dominant component in total loss) during operations, which significantly degrades their energy efficiency. In addition, seriously suffer from Time-Dependent...

Process variations in integrated circuits have significant impact on their performance, leakage and stability. This is particularly evident large, regular dense structures such as DRAMs. DRAMs are built using minimized transistors with presumably uniform speed an organized array structure. variation can introduce latency disparity among different memory arrays. With the proliferation of 3D stacking technology, become a favorable choice for top multicore processor last level cache large...

Twisted light, or orbital angular momentum (OAM) carrying has been gradually becoming an important subfield of nonlinear optics. Compared with ordinary its chiral phase front provides additional interface for shaping the phase-matching condition interactions and in consequence reveals a feasible way to tailor light's transverse structure. Here, we explore propagation twisted light during focused stimulated Brillouin scattering (SBS). Unlike that will experience time-reversal reflection, OAM...

The quality of cultivated land has been seriously degraded due to the overuse chemical fertilizer in China. Land conservation technologies (LCTs) have proven effectively address degradation and improve productivity. In this study, a multivariate probit model is applied empirically analyze correlation effects determinants application LCTs using cross-sectional data collected on 690 large-scale grain producers from Jiangsu Jiangxi provinces middle lower reaches Yangtze River. sample farmers...

The emerging Phase Change Memory (PCM) technology exhibits excellent scalability and density potentials. At the same time, they require high current voltages to switch cell states. Their working are provided by CMOS-compatible on-chip charge pumps (CPs). Unfortunately, CPs particularly those for RESET, have a large parasitic power (a dominant component in total loss) during operations, which significantly degrades their energy efficiency. In addition, seriously suffer from Time-Dependent...

The proliferation of Chip Multiprocessors (CMPs) has led to the integration large on-chip caches. For scalability reasons, a cache is often divided into smaller banks that are interconnected through packet-based Network-on-Chip (NoC). With increasing number cores and integrated on single die, network introduces significant communication latency power consumption. In this paper, we propose novel scheme exploits Frequent Value compression optimize performance NoC. Our experimental results show...