Abstract We use monthly birth data collected by the Human Fertility Database to analyze impact of COVID‐19 pandemic on trends until September 2022 in 38 higher‐income countries. also present estimates total fertility rate adjusted for seasonality. Our analysis reveals that led distinct swings births and rates. The initial shock was associated with a fall most countries, sharpest drop January 2021. Next, rates showed short‐term recovery March 2021, following conceptions after end first wave...

The long-term decline in cohort fertility highly developed countries has been widely documented. However, no systematic analysis investigated which parity contributed most to the low and very levels.

Past evidence on fertility responses to external shocks, including economic recessions and the outbreaks of infectious diseases, show that people often put their childbearing plans hold in uncertain times. We study most recent data monthly birth trends analyse initial outbreak COVID-19 pandemic. Our research, based new Short-Term Fertility Fluctuations (STFF) series (https://www.humanfertility.org/cgi-bin/stff.php), embedded Human Database (HFD), shows signs expected “birth recession”....

Abstract Data for ten European countries which provide detailed distribution of COVID-19 cases by sex and age show that among people working age, women diagnosed with substantially outnumber infected men. This pattern reverses around retirement: infection rates fall at 60-69, resulting in a cross-over The relative disadvantage peaks ages 20-29, whereas the male 70-79. elevated are likely tied to their higher share health- care-related occupations. Our examination also suggests link between...

Abstract STUDY QUESTION What are the factors influencing decline in birth rates observed higher-income countries later phase of COVID-19 pandemic? SUMMARY ANSWER Our results suggest that economic uncertainty, non-pharmaceutical policy interventions, and first wave population-wide vaccination campaign were associated with during 2022. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY During pandemic, most briefly declined then shortly recovered, showing no common trends afterwards until early 2022, when they...

Following the swift demise of state-socialist regime in 1989, a profound transformation family and fertility patterns has taken place Czech Republic. Family formation been postponed period rates have fallen to very low

Past economic, health and policy shocks were associated with a downturn in fertility. We use monthly birth data collected by the Human Fertility Database (Short-Term Fluctuations series) to analyze impact of COVID-19 pandemic on trends until April 2022 37 highly developed countries. also present estimates total fertility rate adjusted for seasonality. Overall, coronavirus did not bring lasting “baby bust” most analyzed On balance, many countries experienced an improvement their dynamics...

The rise in the age at first birth has been universal low-fertility countries last decades. Mothers who have their child later tend to fewer children, and absence of fertility catch-up older ages, delayed contribute

Abstract BACKGROUND During the COVID-19 pandemic, birth rates in most higher-income countries first briefly declined and then shortly recovered, showing no common trends afterwards until early 2022, when they unexpectedly dropped. STUDY FOCUS We analyse monthly changes total fertility during with a special focus on countries. consider three broader sets of explanatory factors: economic uncertainty, policy interventions restricting mobility social activities outside home, role vaccination...

Across developed countries, cohorts of women born after World War II have seen a shift childbearing towards later ages and concomitant decline in fertility level. We study this using the notions postponement (fertility at younger ages) subsequent recuperation (a compensatory increase higher reproductive ages). apply order-specific data extend elaborate on two broad approaches to process: 1) basic benchmark model extensively used by Tomas Frejka his colleagues 2) relational proposed Ron...

In Europe and the United States, women’s educational attainment started to increase around middle of twentieth century. The expected implication was fertility decline postponement, whereas in fact opposite occurred. We analyse trends quantum cohort among baby boom generations 15 countries how these relate education. Over 1901–45 cohorts, proportion parents with exactly two children rose steadily homogeneity family sizes increased. Progression a third child beyond declined all countries,...

Childlessness, a driving force of fertility, has undergone strong variations in 20th-centuryEurope, and educational attainment been rising continuously. We analyse how thesetwo factors were related to each other over time. Our study is based on census largescalesurvey data from 13 European countries, collected the Cohort Fertility andEducation database. compare trends share women childless at age 40+ inthe 1916–1965 birth cohorts, by level education. The results suggest that changes...

Abstract The dominance of two-child families is considered an intrinsic characteristic low fertility societies. Their share was continuously increasing among baby boom cohorts but the rise ceased afterwards. While parity- and education-specific trends during expansion have been studied, corresponding analyses developments in post-expansion birth are scarce. This study investigates parity-specific that ended across educational groups. We use data on completed female born between 1936 1970 16...

This paper provides an overview of fertility data for Germany, Austria and Switzerland. Particular attention is given to the availability order-specific data. We discuss quality provided by Statistical Offices, both birth registration censuses or microcensuses. In addition, we explore how social science surveys can be used generate indicators, compare survey estimates with from vital statistics. Prior studies have shown that there a “family bias” in most surveys, younger cohorts being...

During the 20th century Czech Republic went through profound changes in female employment, gender roles, population and family policies, public childcare. The educational structure of changed tremendously. At same time, co

Près d’un quart des femmes nées en Europe dans la première décennie du XX e siècle n’ont pas eu d’enfant. Le taux d’infécondité diminue les générations suivantes, seule une femme sur dix moyenne restant sans enfant parmi celles au début années 1940. réaugmente ensuite, atteignant à fin 1960 15 % Nord et 18 de l’Ouest. C’est Sud qu’il a le plus augmenté récemment – jusqu’à quatre 1970 pourrait y rester raison faiblesse politiques familiales inégalités genre encore très marquées qui rendent...

During the last four decades, two-child family ideal has become nearly universal across low-fertility countries. The proportion of families with two children, which was growing during baby boom, stopped increasing in late 1940s and early 1950s birth cohorts, remaining far below number people reporting as their size. This paper examines how changes share were linked to trends transitions first, second third birth. We analyse relationship varied over time countries education levels using...