The aims of this study were to analyze the utilization antibiotics before (2018, 2019) and during COVID-19 pandemic (2020) practice prescribing in outpatient settings for patients 2020-2022 period. Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification/Defined Daily Dose methodology was used analysis antibiotic Republic Srpska. data expressed DDD/1000 inhabitants/day. rate prescribed outpatients analyzed using medical record from 16,565 registered with B34.2, U07.1, U07.2 World Health Organization...

: Cigarette smoking among the youth population has increased significantly in developing countries, including Bosnia and Herzegovina. However, no extant literature assesses prevalence of tobacco use, nor identifies factors associated with smoking. This study determined cigarette a specific cohort students assessed related to use this population.

Background. Oxidative stress and inflammation are closely related pathophysiological processes, both occurring in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition to the standard treatment of T2DM, a potential strategy has been focused on use bile acids (BAs) as an additional treatment. Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA), first BA used humans, improves glucose lipid metabolism attenuates oxidative stress. The aim this study was evaluate metabolic, anti-inflammatory, antioxidative effects UDCA patients...

Introduction:There are increasing concerns world-wide with growing rates of antibiotic resistance necessitating urgent action. There have been a number initiatives in the Republic Srpska recent years to address this and improve rational prescribing dispensing despite limited resources fund multiple initiatives. Objective: Analyse utilization patterns following these as basis for developing future programmes if needed. Methods: Observational retrospective study total outpatient from 2010...

Abstract: Statins, such as simvastatin, lower circulating cholesterol levels and are widely prescribed for the treatment of hypercholesterolaemia. Several studies have shown unexpected effects statins on inflammation. We studied anti‐inflammatory effect simvastatin using a standard model an acute local inflammation, carrageenan‐induced footpad oedema. Experimental groups (n = 6–8) were given in dose range 5–30 mg/kg, indomethacin 1–8 mg/kg methylcellulose (control) per os . Footpad volume...

During the last several years many authors have found that European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation is useful in prediction of not only postoperative mortality but also length stay intensive care unit, complication rate and overall treatment expenses. This study included 329 patients who had undergone isolated surgical myocardial revascularization at our Department during period from January 1st to June 6th, 2008. For operative risk evaluation, additive Evaluaion was used. In...

Statins have similar side effects that do not always occur at the same rate among various statins. We present a case of simvastatin-induced muscle toxicity disappeared when pravastatin was substituted for original drug. A 74-year-old male, nonsmoker, complained severe nocturnal leg cramps. The patient also painful cramping occurred he walked rapidly or jogged. Because some components his lipid panel exceeded the'desirable' range, and as had history myocardial infarction, family physician...

Background and objectives: the aim of this study was to analyse utilisation proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) during a 12-year period show characteristics patterns their prescribing. Materials methods: firstly, in pharmacoepidemiological analyses ATC/DDD methodology used assess PPIs Republic Srpska. The annual PPI expressed as number DDD/1000 inhabitants/year. Secondly, cross-sectional surveys were reveal prescribing medicines use, namely dose, duration indication, possible adverse reactions....

Purpose: To determine the potential value of an adapted questionnaire to discover predictors preceptors' higher interest in precepting pharmacy interns and evaluate motivational factors incentives for teaching as well their professional satisfaction. Method: A link survey study (JSAMPPP) was e-mailed all pharmacists registered with Pharmaceutical Chamber Republic Srpska. Pharmacists' demographic work experience characteristics, attitudes related motivation precepting, job satisfaction,...

Smokers have an increased risk of perioperative and postoperative complications, including a higher incidence airway respiratory, cardiovascular events, impaired wound healing. This brief review will remind anesthesiologist surgeons that their preoperative smoking intervention for cessation can be effective in decreasing the complications. Preoperative intervention, even if it is both intensive, may help to decrease this risk. The surgical event important 'teachable moment' could translate,...

Background: In last 2 decades, there have been substantial changes in the utilization patterns of antihypertensive medicines following new clinical trials and introduction treatment guidelines. The aim this study was to analyze prescribing regarding Republic Srpska, Bosnia Herzegovina during an 11-years follow-up according national European Methods: retrospective, observational study, medicine data were analyzed between 2009-2019 period using ATC/DDD methodology expressed as number DDD/1,000...

Background:In last two decades, there have been substantial changes in the pattern of lipid-modifying medicines utilisation following new treatment guidelines based on clinical trials.The main purpose this study was to analyse overall and expenditure Republic Srpska, Bosnia Herzegovina during an 11-year follow-up period express its share relation total cardiovascular (C group) utilisation.Methods: In retrospective, observational study, data were analysed between 2010 2020 using ATC/DDD...

Introduction/Objective. Nursing Activities Score (NAS) is one of the most accepted and widely used scores for assessing workload nursing staff in regards qualitative quantitative adequacy. The aim this study was to evaluate analyze cardiac surgery intensive care unit (CSICU) using NAS a contemporary set patients undergoing heart surgery. Methods. included 809 consecutive who had major 2019 admitted adult CSICU. Demographic data were collected from medical records [sex, age, type treatment,...

Using ATC/DDD methodology, we analyzed antibiotic utilization in the Clinical Centre of Banja Luka, one largest clinical centres Bosnia and Herzegovina, during war postwar period (1994-2000), as well role drug donations on doctors' prescribing decisions. The retrospective analysis (group J according to Anatomical Therapeutical Chemical - ATC classification) was based upon data provided from hospital computer centre calculated number defined daily doses (DDD) per 100 bed days....

Introduction Using the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical/Defined Daily Dose (ATC/DDD) methodology, we analyzed utilization of prescription-only drugs in Banja Luka region 2000 - 2001. Material and methods A retrospective study on drug utilization, according to ATC classification, was conducted basis data received from Central City Pharmacy Luka, results were presented terms DDD/1000 inhabitants/day. Results Pharmaco-epidemiological analysis showed that list 20 most frequently prescribed...

Rare diseases are becoming more and important since awareness is increasing. There a lot of initiatives to ensure access orphan drugs intended treat these but due high price patients have low policy makers payers struggling with costs assuring patient rights the available medication.Objective this study assess current situation regarding rare in Bosnia Herzegovina (BiH) availability drugs. Four domains examined: legislation policy, diagnostics research, organizations reimbursement medicines...

Background and Objectives: Benzodiazepines (BZDs) are among the most prescribed psychotropic drugs significant number of patients use these for longer periods than recommended. The objective this study was to determine factors associated with prescribing BZDs at primary healthcare level. Materials Methods: A retrospective analysis family physicians' prescriptions from databases medicine teams Republic Srpska performed. users, as well total prescriptions, were determined. Thereafter, it...

Infections of the pregnants are quite frequent, thus prescription antibiotics in pregnancy happens often too. Type antibiotic, dose, duration, way and frequency use depend on cause seriousness illness. In United States America, according to Food Drug Administration (FDA), all drugs, risk damage fetus, classified 5 groups (A, B, C, D, X). The least bear drugs from A V greatest X group. aim study was examine by pregnants, most common indications for their use, types that used group fetus they...

Abstract Background Pharmacists are often the first healthcare professionals that patients contact with their illnesses and requests for medical information, which is enhanced following recent COVID-19 pandemic. Community pharmacists expected required to possess a broad spectrum of knowledge skills. Self-assessment these competencies needed self-improvement. Purpose study To assess pharmacists’ clinical practice in safe use contraceptives, compare scores obtained by external observation...

Background/Aim: Clinical research nursing is a well-known concept in Europe and other countries. The purpose of this study was to investigate the nurses' knowledge attitudes towards clinical their opinions self-evaluation about factors affecting them. Methods: A cross sectional conducted at University Centre Republic Srpska (UCCRS). questionnaire included 50 questions/ statements created order address aims afterwards distributed 120 nurses from 6 departments. Results: Response rate 91.6 %....

Introduction. The Nursing Activities Score is used to quantify, assess, and identify the workload of nurses in intensive care units, widely considered a very effective, simple, standardized measurement scale, sufficiently detailed be implemented everyday hospital practice. aim study evaluate using results compare nurse-to-patient ratio with regulations our country. Material Methods. included 131 patients who underwent cardiac surgery period from November 1 30, 2021. Surgical data...