A5037429588- Anesthesia and Sedative Agents
- Anesthesia and Neurotoxicity Research
- Anesthesia and Pain Management
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Heart Rate Variability and Autonomic Control
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Pain Mechanisms and Treatments
- Intensive Care Unit Cognitive Disorders
- Cardiac, Anesthesia and Surgical Outcomes
- Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling
- Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia
- Treatment of Major Depression
- Non-Invasive Vital Sign Monitoring
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Hemodynamic Monitoring and Therapy
- Traumatic Brain Injury and Neurovascular Disturbances
- Cardiac Arrest and Resuscitation
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Optical Imaging and Spectroscopy Techniques
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Nausea and vomiting management
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Turku University Hospital
2015-2024
University of Turku
2015-2024
Turku PET Centre
2013-2024
Helsinki University Hospital
1992-2021
Finnish Institute for Health and Welfare
2021
University of Helsinki
1991-2021
Tampere University Hospital
2013-2021
Tampere University
2013-2021
Varsinais-Suomen Sairaanhoitopiiri
2018
Committee on Publication Ethics
2018
The purpose of this study was to compare the applicability four different measures heart rate variability (HRV) in assessment cardiac vagal outflow, with special reference effect breathing pattern. anticholinergic effects an intravenous glycopyrrolate infusion (5 microg x kg(-1) h(-1) for 2 h) during spontaneous and controlled (15 min(-1)) were investigated eight volunteers, fixed rates (6-15-24 hyperventilation 12 subjects. Cardiac activity assessed by ECG recordings which following HRV...
Background Anesthetic agents, especially volatile anesthetics and nitrous oxide (N2O), are suspected to perturb cerebral homeostasis vascular reactivity. The authors quantified the effects of sevoflurane propofol as sole in combination with N2O on regional blood flow (rCBF), metabolic rate oxygen (rCMRO2), volume (rCBV) living human brain using positron emission tomography. Methods 15O-labeled water, oxygen, carbon monoxide were used tomography tracers determine rCBF, rCMRO2 rCBV,...
Background: Dexmedetomidine, a selective α 2 ‐adrenoceptor agonist, induces unique, sleep‐like state of sedation. The objective the present work was to study human electroencephalogram (EEG) sleep spindles during dexmedetomidine sedation and compare them with normal physiological sleep, test hypothesis that exerts its effects via sleep‐promoting pathways. Methods: EEG continuously recorded from bipolar frontopolar–laterofrontal derivation Entropy Module (GE Healthcare) light deep...
Aim To determine the absolute bioavailability of extravascularly administered dexmedetomidine, a novel a2‐adrenoceptor agonist, in healthy subjects. Methods Single 2 µg kg −1 doses dexmedetomidine were given intravenously, intramuscularly, perorally and buccally (where solution is not swallowed) to 12 male The drug concentration‐time data analysed using linear one‐compartment (buccal peroral data), or two‐compartment modelling (intravenous noncompartmental methods (intramuscular data)....
Background The authors report a positron emission tomography (PET) study on humans with parallel exploration of the dose-dependent effects an intravenous (propofol) and volatile (sevoflurane) anesthetic agent regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using quantitative relative (Statistical Parametric Mapping [SPM]) analysis. Methods Using H(2)(15)O, rCBF was assessed in 16 healthy (American Society Anesthesiologists [ASA] physical status I) volunteers awake at three escalating drug...
The effects of dexmedetomidine, an alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, on vigilance, thiopental anesthetic requirements, and the hemodynamic, catecholamine, hormonal responses to surgery were investigated in healthy (ASA physical status 1) women scheduled for dilatation curettage (D & C) uterus. Fifteen minutes before induction they received single iv doses either dexmedetomidine (0.5 micrograms/kg; n = 19) or saline (n 20) a double-blind fashion. Anesthesia was induced with maintained N2O/O2...
Animal studies have indicated that the nigrostriatal dopaminergic system is involved in central pain modulation. In a recent positron emission tomography (PET) study, we demonstrated presynaptic dysfunction of pathway burning mouth syndrome, which chronic state. The objective present study was to examine striatal dopamine D1 and D2 receptors these patients. We used 11C-NNC 756 11C-raclopride receptor binding PET ten patients 11 healthy controls. Patients underwent structured psychiatric...
Animal experiments have demonstrated neuroprotection by ketamine. However, because of its propensity to increase cerebral blood flow, metabolism, and intracranial pressure, use in neurosurgery or trauma patients has been questioned.15O-labeled water, oxygen, carbon monoxide were used as positron emission tomography tracers determine quantitative regional flow (rCBF), metabolic rate oxygen (rCMRO2), volume (rCBV), respectively, on selected regions interest nine healthy male volunteers at...
Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist, was administered to five healthy male volunteers in single intravenous doses of 12.5, 25, 50, and 75 micrograms as part placebo-controlled study. The drug caused dose-dependent decreases systolic diastolic blood pressure. A small initial hypertensive response observed after injection the two highest doses. Heart rate decreased. concentration norepinephrine plasma decreased significantly (by up 92%), decrease dose-dependent. No...
The analgesic efficacy of dexmedetomidine (DEX)--a novel alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist--was studied in man. Single intravenous doses fentanyl (FEN; 2 micrograms/kg), DEX (0.25, 0.50 and 1.0 micrograms/kg) placebo were administered to 5 healthy male volunteers a double-blind, crossover study randomized order. effect the different treatments was measured by determining time course pain threshold with dental dolorimetry quantitating subjective induced standard ischemic stimulus on upper arm...
One of the greatest challenges modern neuroscience is to discover neural mechanisms consciousness and explain how they produce conscious state. We sought underlying substrate human by manipulating level in volunteers with anesthetic agents visualizing resultant changes brain activity using regional cerebral blood flow imaging positron emission tomography. Study design methodology were chosen dissociate state-related from effects drugs. found emergence consciousness, as assessed a motor...
Animal studies suggest that the dopaminergic system plays a role in central pain modulation. We have previously demonstrated with positron emission tomography (PET) striatal hypofunction may be involved burning mouth syndrome. The aim of present study was to evaluate nigrostriatal patients atypical facial using PET. In seven pain, presynaptic function assessed [18F]FDOPA and dopamine D1 D2 receptor availabilities [11C]NNC 756 [11C]raclopride, respectively. results were compared those healthy...
Background Dexmedetomidine is a new potent and highly selective alpha 2-adrenoceptor agonist with sedative-hypnotic anesthetic sparing properties. Because of its sympathoinhibitory activity, it may prove useful in balancing the cardiostimulatory effects attenuating adverse central nervous system ketamine. Methods A double-blind, randomized comparative parallel-group study design was employed 40 volunteers ASA physical status 1 who were scheduled for elective superficial surgery under...
Ninety-six women undergoing laparoscopic tubal ligation were randomized to receive intravenously either 0.2 or 0.4 microgram/kg of dexmedetomidine, 60 micrograms/kg oxycodone, 250 diclofenac for postoperative pain in a double-blind study design. The drugs administered the recovery room moderate severe and repeated until subsided disappeared. In group receiving diclofenac, 83% patients required analgesic supplementation with morphine. This contrasted (P less than 0.01) 33% oxycodone higher...
<h3>Importance</h3> Evidence from preclinical models indicates that xenon gas can prevent the development of cerebral damage after acute global hypoxic-ischemic brain injury but, thus far, these putative neuroprotective properties have not been reported in human studies. <h3>Objective</h3> To determine effect inhaled on ischemic white matter assessed with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). <h3>Design, Setting, and Participants</h3> A randomized single-blind phase 2 clinical drug trial...
Alterations in the brain's μ-opioid receptor (MOR) system have been associated with several neuropsychiatric disorders. Central MOR availability also varies considerably healthy individuals. Multiple epidemiological factors proposed to influence system, but due small sample sizes magnitude of their remains inconclusive. We compiled [11C]carfentanil positron emission tomography scans from 204 individuals no neurologic or psychiatric disorders, and estimated effects sex, age, body mass index...
Background Animal studies have demonstrated neuroprotective properties of S-ketamine, but its effects on cerebral blood flow (CBF), metabolic rate oxygen (CMRO2), and glucose (GMR) not been comprehensively studied in humans. Methods Positron emission tomography was used to quantify CBF CMRO2 eight healthy male volunteers awake during S-ketamine infusion targeted subanesthetic (150 ng/ml) anesthetic (1,500-2,000 concentrations. In addition, subjects' GMRs were assessed anesthesia. Whole brain...
The pain modulatory role of dopamine D2 receptors the human forebrain was studied by determining association between receptor binding potential and response to experimental pain. Nineteen healthy male volunteers participated in a positron emission tomography study. extrastriatal regions interest with [11C]FLB 457 as radioligand (n=11) were anterior cingulum, medial lateral thalamus, frontal cortex, temporal cortex. striatal [11C]raclopride (n=8) caudate nucleus putamen. latency ice...
The usefulness of intravenous dexmedetomidine infusion for maintenance anesthesia was studied in patients anesthetized with thiopental, fentanyl, nitrous oxide, and oxygen. Isoflurane added as needed. study conducted two parts, the first which an open dose-response that comprised 14 women undergoing abdominal hysterectomy. After a suitable regimen determined according to hemodynamic criteria, 20 were included double-blind, randomized placebo-controlled trial (10 receiving dexmedetomidine, 10...
Background Specific and selective alpha2-adrenergic drugs are widely exploited in veterinary anesthesiology. Because alpha2-agonists also being introduced to human practice, the authors studied reversal of a clinically relevant dexmedetomidine dose with atipamezole, an alpha2-antagonist, healthy persons. Methods The study consisted two parts. In open dose-finding (part 1), intravenous atipamezole reverse sedative effects 2.5 microg/kg given intramuscularly was determined (n = 6). Part 2...
Dexmedetomidine, a selective alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, has counteracting effects on the cardiovascular system. It mediates sympatholysis by activating alpha2 adrenoceptors in central and peripheral nervous system, vasoconstriction vasorelaxation postsynaptic blood vessels. The goal of this study was to determine therapeutic high concentrations dexmedetomidine myocardial perfusion cardiac function healthy subjects.The authors studied 12 young men. Myocardial flow (assessed with positron...