Aim: To assess the influence of urinary microalbuminuria and hemoglobin concentration on occurrence severity diabetic retinopathy (DR), clinically significant macular edema (CSME) hard exudate formation. Materials Methods: In this prospective cross-sectional study carried out over a period 2 years, type patients seeking ocular evaluation for DR were assessed presence DR, exudates CSME. Retinal findings correlated to microalbuminuria, other systemic risk factors using linear regression...

Introduction: Diabetes is a major noncommunicable disease affecting more than 65 million Indians. Although treatment algorithms suggest lifestyle measures (diet and exercise) along with medications data regarding adherence to exercise as well facilitators barriers the practice of physical activity in such patients are limited. Hence, this qualitative study was conducted. Objectives: The objective describe factors which (1) Facilitated (2) hindered regular Type 2 diabetes. Methodology:...

Insulin resistance, diabetes mellitus, and metabolic syndrome in patients with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection are increasingly being reported the global medical literature. This cross-sectional study was done to describe occurrence of syndrome, insulin resistance HIV-positive a tertiary referral center South India. A total 60 who had HIV for 12 months or more were enrolled study. Of these, 30 antiretroviral therapy (ART)-naïve, treated ART. Biochemical estimations (fasting...

To evaluate the association of elevated serum lipids with retinal hard exudates formation, occurrence clinically significant macular edema (CSME), and severity diabetic retinopathy (DR) loss vision in type 2 diabetics.Type patients seeking ocular evaluation for were included this cross-sectional study. They assessed presence (DR), exudates, oedema (CSME) best corrected visual acuity (BCVA). Retinal findings correlated to levels using univariate multivariate analysis.Totally 330 included,...

There are currently approximately 40.9 million patients with diabetes mellitus in India and this number is expected to rise about 69.9 by the year 2025. This high burden of likely be associated an increase complications.A total 23 (15 male 8 female) type 2 10-15 years duration their age gender matched controls (n=23) were recruited. All subjects underwent detailed clinical proforma, questionnaire related autonomic symptoms, anthropometry, peripheral neural examination tests nervous system...

There is controversy about the correct dose and form of thyroid hormone therapy for patients with hypothyroidism. Despite restoration serum thyrotropin (TSH) concentrations to normal, many complain excessive weight gain. We have compared at diagnosis hyperthyroidism that when euthyroid, evidenced by a stable, normal TSH concentration, or without thyroxine (T4) replacement therapy, in treated an 18-month course antithyroid drugs (43 patients), surgery (56 13I (34 patients) Graves' disease. In...

Inverse relationship between metabolic syndrome (MetS) and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH) D) levels is controversial. Hypovitaminosis-D has long been suspected as a risk factor for glucose intolerance.A randomized double blind placebo controlled study to evaluate effects of vitamin supplementation on insulin resistance in subjects with hypovitaminosis-D MetS.Subjects were receive either oral 25(OH) D3 supplement (60000 (IU) per week 8 weeks followed by 60,000 IU monthly 4 months) or six months....

Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is an uncommon but dynamic phenomenon seen among patients initiating antiretroviral therapy (ART). We aimed to describe incidence, risk factors, clinical spectrum, and outcomes ART-naive experiencing IRIS in southern India. Among 599 eligible monitored prospectively between 2012 2014, there were 59.3% males, with mean age 36.6 ± 7.8 years. incidence rate was 51.3 per 100 person-years (95% confidence interval: 44.5-59.2). One-third (31.4%)...

Actinomycosis is a chronic inflammatory condition caused by Actinomyces israeli, gram positive anaerobic bacterium. It can have variety of clinical manifestations and mimic malignancy. We present one such case urachal actinomycosis that mimicked tumor. A 28-year-old man presented with abdominal pain 20 days duration. Per palpation revealed firm mass ill-defined borders in the suprapubic region. Computed tomography magnetic resonance imaging scans pelvis showed an irregular lesion urinary...

COVID-19 infections have imposed immense pressure on the healthcare system of most countries. While initial studies identified better therapeutic and diagnostic approaches, disease severity is still assessed by close monitoring symptoms professionals due to lack biomarkers for stratification. In this study, we probed immune molecular profiles patients at 48-h intervals after hospitalization identify early markers, if any, progression severity. Our study reveals that likely enter host-immune...

A 44-year-old woman presented to her GP with excessive tiredness. She had positive thyroid microsomal and thyroglobulin autoantibodies was found have an elevated serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) concentration of 8.37 (normal = 0.15-3.5)mU/L a low normal total thyroxine (T4) 86 (reference range 60-145)nmol/L. rendered symptom free on dose 150 microg per day. However, TSH failed return normal, following further increase in she referred the endocrine clinic for assessment. Her at this...

Studies reported differences in clinical profiles of urinary tract infections (UTIs) patients with and without type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). on the impact pattern antibiotic resistance organisms causing UTI actual practice are lacking.1. To study microbiologic UTIs. 2. compare treatment given prevailing antimicrobial sensitivity.This is a cross-sectional conducted tertiary care hospital.Retrospective chart review inpatients (N = 200, 100 each T2DM), aged >18 years positive urine...

South Asians are known to have excess adiposity at a lower body mass index, with truncal fat accumulation. Whether this confers higher risk develop severe COVID-19 is not known. This study evaluated and waist circumference as factors for severity its progression, in Asian adults.

Background: Association studies between the vitamin D deficiency (VDD) and hypothyroidism have given mixed results. Because of this controvery relatively common prevalence these two conditions, we conducted a case-control study investigating VDD in patients with (both TPO-Ab positive negative) compared it euthyroid controls. Methodology: This is single centre cross sectional study. Adults (aged 18 years or more) both sexes diagnosed primary (TSH >5.1 mIU/L) were included (n = 115) along age...

Thyroid dysfunction in patients with human retroviral infection has been reported but the prevalence of thyroid function abnormalities on highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) not studied. We aimed to assess and autoimmunity (antithyroid peroxidase auto-antibodies [TPO-Ab]) first-line HAART, identify risk factors for determine any association HAART.We screened enrolled consecutive from outpatient department if they were (i) diagnosed HIV (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay); (ii) aged...

Sir, It is indeed a welcome endeavor that “HIV and diabetes” being projected in the October 2011 issue of IJEM.[1] In India, as per National Aids Control Organization (NACO) guidelines, protease inhibitors are considered when clinical, virological, or immunological failure occurs on first-line anti-retroviral therapy (ART).[2] Therefore, statement “PI based regimens should be avoided patients with high risk (page 248, para 7) reviewed revised. If patient develops diabetes glucose...

<b>Background:</b> The association of cardiovascular risk with first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Indians has been a matter concern the background high South Asians. <b>Aims:</b> This study aimed to compare metabolic syndrome and its components, dyslipidemia, insulin resistance, among patients on ART (Group 1) age-matched, ART-naïve human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected 2) normal controls 3). <b>Methods:</b> Patients attending tertiary care center Mysore were enrolled after...

ABSTRACT Background: Treatment of primary hypothyroidism with levothyroxine does not fully alleviate its symptoms. Though there have studies to correlate levels tri-iodothyronine symptomatology, role still remains controversial. Aims: To study symptoms before and after levo-thyroxine therapy using ThyPRO 39 scores these thyroid hormone levels. Materials Methods: This quasi-experimental was conducted at the in outpatients’ departments Internal Medicine Endocrinology St John’s Medical College...

Human retro-viral disease and the myriad opportunistic infections associated with it continue to pose a diagnostic challenge clinicians. Disseminated Kaposi sarcoma (KS) KS-associated immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) are entities that can be adverse clinical outcomes unless recognized early by treating physician. We present case of 36-year-old homosexual HIV-positive male who presented unusual symptoms KS IRIS lower gastrointestinal bleeding respiratory distress devoid any...

Objectives: Early identification and differentiation of patients with non-diabetic renal disease (NDRD) from diabetic nephropathy (DN) or those NDRD superimposed on DN improves the prognosis reduces associated morbidity. The objectives study were to compare clinical profile, nature involvement, etiopathogenesis (renal biopsy) isolated DN. Materials Methods: It is a descriptive in T2D involvement suggestive etiology further evaluated biopsy grouped as alone Results: Of total 50, 66% male,...