A5035553977- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Neurological disorders and treatments
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Parkinson's Disease Mechanisms and Treatments
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Cardiac Imaging and Diagnostics
- MRI in cancer diagnosis
- Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Atomic and Subatomic Physics Research
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Williams Syndrome Research
- Genetic Neurodegenerative Diseases
- RNA regulation and disease
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Diabetes Management and Research
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Adenosine and Purinergic Signaling
- Diabetes and associated disorders
- Behavioral and Psychological Studies
Washington University in St. Louis
2015-2024
Westminster College - Missouri
2017
Brigham Young University
2017
Saint Louis University
2016
Research Institute of Radiology
2015
Box (United States)
2014
Swiss Center for Electronics and Microtechnology (Switzerland)
2011
The University of Tokyo
2004
Mallinckrodt (United States)
2002
Head motion systematically distorts clinical and research MRI data. Motion artifacts have biased findings from many structural functional brain studies. An effective way to remove is exclude data frames affected by head motion. However, such post-hoc frame censoring can lead loss rates of 50% or more in our pediatric patient cohorts. Hence, scanner operators collect additional 'buffer data', an expensive practice that, itself, does not guarantee sufficient high-quality for a given...
Head motion represents one of the greatest technical obstacles in magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) human brain. Accurate detection artifacts induced by head requires precise estimation movement. However, estimates may be corrupted due to main field fluctuations generated body motion. In current report, we examine multiband resting state functional connectivity MRI (rs-fcMRI) data from Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study comparison 'single-shot' datasets. We show that...
A major limitation to structural and functional MRI (fMRI) scans is their susceptibility head motion artifacts. Even submillimeter movements can systematically distort connectivity, morphometric, diffusion imaging results. In patient care, sedation often used minimize motion, but it incurs increased costs risks. research settings, typically not an ethical option. Therefore, safe methods that reduce are critical for improving quality, especially in high movement individuals such as children...
OBJECTIVE—Despite interest in the effects of type 1 diabetes on developing brain, structural brain volumes youth with this disease have not previously been examined. This study is first to quantify regional volume differences a large sample diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Magnetic resonance images (MRIs) were acquired from (n = 108) and healthy sibling control subjects 51) aged 7–17 years. History severe hypoglycemia was assessed by parent interview included seizure, loss...
Objective We developed a novel method to map behavioral effects of deep brain stimulation (DBS) across 3‐dimensional region and assign statistical significance after stringent type I error correction. This was applied changes in Parkinson disease (PD) induced by subthalamic nucleus (STN) DBS determine whether these responses depended on anatomical location DBS. Methods Fifty‐one PD participants with STN were evaluated off medication, during unilateral clinically optimized settings. Dependent...
Dopamine can induce fascinating, complex human behavioral states, including disinhibition, euphoria, or elaborate stereotypies, whereas dopamine deficiency cause anxiety sadness. Limited data suggest that these phenomena may involve dysfunction of orbital frontal cortex, cingulate ventral striatum. The D3 receptor (D3R) has an anatomic distribution suggests it could mediate effects, but almost no directly demonstrate the regional functional effects D3R activation. We used quantitative...
The impact of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) on the developing central nervous system is not well understood. Cross-sectional, retrospective studies suggest that exposure to glycemic extremes during development harmful brain structure in youth with T1DM. However, these cannot identify regions change differentially over time depending degree extremes.We performed a longitudinal, prospective structural neuroimaging study T1DM (n = 75; mean age 12.5 years) and their nondiabetic siblings 25;...
Wolfram Syndrome (WFS) is a rare autosomal recessive disease characterized by insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, optic nerve atrophy, insipidus, deafness, and neurological dysfunction leading to death in mid-adulthood. WFS caused mutations the WFS1 gene, which lead endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-mediated cell death. Case studies have found widespread brain atrophy late stage WFS. However, it not known when course these abnormalities arise, whether there differential vulnerability across...
Adenosine A 2a receptor antagonists reduce symptom severity in Parkinson disease (PD) and animal models. Rodent studies support the hypothesis that produce this benefit by reducing inhibitory output of basal ganglia indirect pathway. One way to test humans is quantify regional pharmacodynamic responses with cerebral blood flow (CBF) imaging. That approach has also been proposed as a tool accelerate pharmaceutical dose finding, but not yet applied drugs development. We successfully addressed...
Previous PET imaging studies have demonstrated mixed findings regarding dopamine D2/D3 receptor availability in obese relative to nonobese humans. Nonspecific radioligands do not allow for separate estimation of D2 (D2R) and D3 (D3R) subtypes the family, which may play different roles behavior are distributed differently throughout brain. These also displaceable by endogenous dopamine, confounding interpretation differences with differing levels release. The present study used D2R-selective...
The hallmark pathology underlying Parkinson disease (PD) is progressive synucleinopathy, beginning in caudal brainstem that later spreads rostrally. However, the primarily subcortical fails to account for wide spectrum of clinical manifestations PD. To reconcile these observations, resting-state functional connectivity (FC) can be used examine dysfunction across distributed brain networks. We measured FC a large, single-site study nondemented PD (N = 107; OFF medications) and healthy...
Previous studies of brain structure in Tourette syndrome (TS) have produced mixed results, and most had modest sample sizes. In the present multicenter study, we used structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to compare 103 children adolescents with TS a well-matched group without tics. We applied voxel-based morphometry methods test gray matter (GM) white (WM) volume differences between diagnostic groups, accounting for MRI scanner sequence, age, sex total GM+WM volume. The demonstrated...
Tic disorders are childhood onset neuropsychiatric characterized by motor and/or vocal tics. Research has demonstrated that children with chronic tics (including Tourette syndrome and Chronic Disorder: TS/CTD) can suppress tics, particularly when an immediate, contingent reward is given for successful tic suppression. As a diagnosis of TS/CTD requires to be present at least one year, in these suppression studies had been living quite some time. Thus, it unclear whether the ability inhibit...
Animal research finds that insulin regulates dopamine signaling and reward behavior, but similar in humans is lacking. We investigated whether individual differences body mass index, percent fat, pancreatic β-cell function, D2 receptor binding were related to discounting obese non-obese adult men women. Obese (n = 27; index>30) 20; index<30) adults assessed for fat with dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry function using disposition index. Choice of larger, delayed or less certain, monetary...
The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between disruption MRI-measured resting-state functional connectivity (rs-fcMRI) brain networks and CSF levels potentially pathogenic proteins that reflect pathology in Parkinson disease (PD).PD participants without dementia (n = 43) age-matched controls 22) had lumbar punctures measure protein levels, Pittsburgh compound B (PiB)-PET imaging, rs-fcMRI while off medication. Imaging analyses focused on 5 major as well...
In humans, the A1 (T) allele of dopamine (DA) D2 receptor/ankyrin repeat and kinase domain containing 1 (DRD2/ANKK1) TaqIA (rs1800497) single nucleotide polymorphism has been associated with reduced striatal DA D2/D3 receptor (D2/D3R) availability. However, radioligands used to estimate D2/D3R are displaceable by endogenous nonselective for D2R, leaving relationship between genotype D2R specific binding uncertain. Using positron emission tomography (PET) radioligand, (N-[(11)...
Motor and vocal tics are common in childhood. The received wisdom among clinicians is that for most children the temporary, disappearing within a few months. However, clinical teaching based largely on biased incomplete data. present study was designed to prospectively assess outcome of with what current nomenclature calls Provisional Tic Disorder. We identified 43 recent onset (mean 3.3 months since tic onset) re-examined 39 them 12-month anniversary their first tic. symptoms improved group...
Abstract PET studies have provided mixed evidence regarding central D2/D3 dopamine receptor binding and its relationship with obesity as measured by body mass index (BMI). Other aspects of may be more tightly coupled to the dopaminergic system. We characterized obesity-associated behaviors determined if these related D2 (D2R) specific independent BMI. Twenty-two obese 17 normal-weight participants completed eating- reward-related questionnaires underwent scans using D2R-selective...
<h3>Objective</h3> To investigate in a cross-sectional study the contributions of altered cerebellar resting-state functional connectivity (FC) to cognitive impairment Parkinson disease (PD). <h3>Methods</h3> We conducted morphometric and FC-MRI analyses contrasting 81 participants with PD 43 age-matched healthy controls using rigorous quality assurance measures. relationship FC status, we compared without (Clinical Dementia Rating [CDR] scale score 0, n = 47) impaired cognition (CDR ≥0.5,...
Differences in cognition and brain structure have been found youth with type 1 diabetes compared controls, even after relatively short disease duration. To determine whether severity of clinical presentation contributes to these differences, we obtained structural magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans ages 7-17 who were either newly diagnosed (<3.5 months from diagnosis, n = 46) or a sibling without (n 28).Severity was measured by the presence diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) degree...
Abstract Wolfram syndrome is a rare autosomal recessive genetic disease characterized by insulin dependent diabetes and vision, hearing brain abnormalities which generally emerge in childhood. Mutations the WFS1 gene predispose cells to endoplasmic reticulum stress-mediated apoptosis may induce myelin degradation neuronal cell models. However, vivo evidence of this phenomenon humans lacking. White matter microstructure regional volumes were measured using magnetic resonance imaging children...
The anatomical connections of the subthalamic nucleus (STN) have driven hypotheses about its functional anatomy, including hypothesis that precise location STN deep brain stimulation (DBS) contributes to variability motor and non-motor responses across patients with Parkinson's disease (PD). We previously tested using a three-dimensional (3D) statistical method interpret acute effects unilateral DBS at each patient's clinically optimized settings active contact. Here, we report similar...
Provisional Tic Disorder (PTD) is common in childhood. The received wisdom among clinicians that PTD short-lived and mild, with at most a few tics, rarely includes complex premonitory phenomena or comorbid illnesses. However, such conclusions come from clinical experience, biased ascertainment limited follow-up. Prospective study of 89 children tics starting 0–9 months ago (median 4 months), fewer than half sources. Follow-up 12 (± 24, 36, 48) after the first tic. At entry, many had ADHD...
Abstract Background Hypoglycaemic events can be a serious complication of insulin therapy in Type 1 diabetes mellitus. Severe hypoglycaemic exposure lead to episodic memory impairments, including anterograde amnesia. However, relatively little is known regarding the long‐term impact severe hypoglycaemia on brain structure The goals present study were gain greater understanding effects and neural correlates impairments Case report Regional grey white matter volume total lesion quantified an...