A5020747788- Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Bacterial Infections and Vaccines
- Respiratory viral infections research
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Pneumocystis jirovecii pneumonia detection and treatment
- Antibiotic Resistance in Bacteria
- Cardiac Arrhythmias and Treatments
- Emergency and Acute Care Studies
- Antibiotics Pharmacokinetics and Efficacy
- Immunodeficiency and Autoimmune Disorders
- Child and Adolescent Health
- Genetics, Bioinformatics, and Biomedical Research
- Streptococcal Infections and Treatments
- Tracheal and airway disorders
- Monoclonal and Polyclonal Antibodies Research
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Peptidase Inhibition and Analysis
- Virology and Viral Diseases
- Bacterial biofilms and quorum sensing
- Respiratory and Cough-Related Research
- Antimicrobial Resistance in Staphylococcus
- Infective Endocarditis Diagnosis and Management
- Escherichia coli research studies
- Enzyme function and inhibition
- Bacterial Identification and Susceptibility Testing
Griffith University
2015-2024
Public Health England
2010-2023
Pfizer (France)
2019
Pfizer (United States)
2019
Pfizer (United Kingdom)
2019
University of Arizona
1991-2017
University of Würzburg
2015-2017
Institute of Medical Microbiology and Hygiene
2015-2017
St George's, University of London
2009-2015
GlaxoSmithKline (United Kingdom)
2015
There are few epidemiologic data on invasive bacterial infections among children in sub-Saharan Africa. We studied every acute pediatric admission to a rural district hospital Kenya examine the prevalence, incidence, types, and outcome of community-acquired bacteremia.Between August 1998 July 2002, we cultured blood from 19,339 inpatients calculated incidence bacteremia basis population served by hospital.Of total 1783 infants who were under 60 days old, 228 had (12.8 percent), as did 866...
The 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) protects against key serotypes that increased after routine immunisation with the seven-valent (PCV7), but its potential for herd protection and serotype replacement is uncertain. aim of this study was to analyse effect on invasive disease in England Wales 4 years introduction.We used a national dataset electronically reported serotyped cases estimate incidence rate ratios (IRRs) non-vaccine type between July, 2013, June, 2014, versus...
[3H]tobramycin bound to sodium alginate and exopolysaccharide prepared from two mucoid strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Binding was similar binding exopolysaccharide, both in the dependence on tobramycin concentration maximum observed at saturation. Incorporation into agar plates reduced zone sizes growth inhibition caused by tobramycin. The reductions were quantitatively accounted for during diffusion antibiotic away well which it had been placed start experiment. However, P. aeruginosa,...
Cells of mucoid and non-mucoid Pseudomonas aeruginosa in colonies were at least one-thousandfold less sensitive to the antibiotics tobramycin or cefsulodin than cells same bacteria dispersed suspension. We did not detect any difference between form antibiotic sensitivity colonies, from which we infer that exopolysaccharide does contribute colony-resistance by forming a barrier diffusion. Mathematical models constructed order estimate time-courses penetration cefsolodin into biofilms...
Abstract An international collaboration was established in 1996 to monitor the impact of routine Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) vaccination on invasive H. disease; 14 countries routinely serotype all clinical isolates. Of 10,081 infections reported during 1996–2006, 4,466 (44%, incidence 0.28 infections/100,000 population) were due noncapsulated (ncHi); 2,836 (28%, 0.15/100,000), Hib; and 690 (7%, 0.036/100,000), non–b encapsulated influenzae. Invasive ncHi occurred older persons more...
ContextHaemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine is not perceived as a public health priority in Africa because data on Hib disease burden and effectiveness are scarce. immunization was introduced Kenyan infants 2001.ObjectiveTo define invasive incidence program Kenya.Design, Setting, PatientsCulture-based surveillance for at Kilifi District Hospital from 2000 through 2005 linked to demographic of 38 000 children younger than 5 years District, Kenya. Human immunodeficiency virus...
Background: Transmission and nasopharyngeal colonization are necessary steps en route to invasive pneumococcal or Haemophilus influenzae disease but their patterns vary geographically. In East Africa we do not know how these pathogens transmitted between population subgroups nor which serotypes circulate commonly. Methods: We did 2 cross-sectional swab surveys selecting subjects randomly from a register estimate prevalence risk-factors for carriage in 2004. H. type b vaccine was introduced...
Infant 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccination (PCV13) was introduced to the UK in 2010. Its impact on serotypes implicated adult non-bacteraemic pneumonia is not known. Beginning 2008, a 5-year prospective cohort study of adults admitted hospital with community-acquired (CAP) conducted. Pneumococcal serotype established using validated multiplex immunoassay (Bio-Plex; Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). The overall incidence for hospitalised CAP and 79.9 (95% CI 76.6–83.3) 23.4 21.6–25.3) per...
<h3>Background</h3> The distribution of pneumococcal serotypes implicated in non-invasive community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) adults is currently unknown. <h3>Methods</h3> A prospective observational cohort study was conducted over 2 years a large UK teaching hospital trust. Urine samples, addition to routine blood and sputum were obtained from consecutive admitted the with CAP. Pneumococcal serotype determined urine samples using validated multiplex immunoassay which detects 14 serotypes....
Abstract Background The introduction and adoption of pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCVs) into pediatric national immunization programs (NIPs) has led to large decreases in invasive disease (IPD) incidence caused by vaccine serotypes. Despite these reductions, the global IPD burden children remains significant. Methods We collected serotype-specific data from surveillance systems or hospital networks all 30 high-income countries that met inclusion criteria. Data sources included online...
In October 1992, Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) conjugate vaccine was introduced to infants in the United Kingdom with a "catch-up" program for those aged <4 years. Initially, rate of invasive Hib disease decreased dramatically but has been increasing since 1999. To determine possible reasons this increase, effectiveness estimated by use screening method. Between 1993 and December 2001, total 443 cases infection occurred children eligible vaccination; 363 (82%) were fully vaccinated....
We assessed known risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcome of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in children 3-59 months age after introduction the 7-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV7) England Wales. During September 2006-March 2010, a total 1,342 IPD episodes occurred 1,332 children; 14.9% (198/1,332) had comorbidities. Compared with caused by PCV7 serotypes (44/248; 17.7%), comorbidities were less common for extra 3 10-valent (15/299; 5.0%) but similar to additional PCV13 (45/336;...
Despite the current pneumococcal vaccination program in England for older adults and with underlying conditions, disease burden remains high. We evaluated cost-effectiveness of 20-valent conjugate vaccine (PCV20) compared to recommendations England.Lifetime outcomes/costs invasive (IPD) community-acquired pneumonia (CAP) among aged 65-99 years 18-64 conditions were projected using a deterministic cohort model. Vaccination PCV20 was 23-valent polysaccharide (PPV23) from National Health...
Background. As a result of the decline in Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease caused by widespread use conjugate vaccines, non-type H. will become more important cause (Hi) disease. Characterization clinical and epidemiologic features non-b Hi is needed Hib vaccine era. Methods. A prospective active surveillance study invasive involving pediatricians United Kingdom Republic Ireland. For first phase (October 1, 1992, to October 31, 1995) were asked report any child who had received...