A5073267084- Neurobiology and Insect Physiology Research
- Cephalopods and Marine Biology
- Photoreceptor and optogenetics research
- Marine Biology and Environmental Chemistry
- Marine Biology and Ecology Research
- Marine Bivalve and Aquaculture Studies
- Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
- Aquatic Invertebrate Ecology and Behavior
- Retinal Development and Disorders
- Ocean Acidification Effects and Responses
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology
- Cellular transport and secretion
- Mollusks and Parasites Studies
- Neuroscience and Neural Engineering
- Insect and Arachnid Ecology and Behavior
- Lipid Membrane Structure and Behavior
- Marine Ecology and Invasive Species
- Physiological and biochemical adaptations
- Neurogenesis and neuroplasticity mechanisms
- Silk-based biomaterials and applications
- Plant and Biological Electrophysiology Studies
- Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth
- Olfactory and Sensory Function Studies
- Marine and coastal ecosystems
Marine Biological Laboratory
2011-2024
Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution
1990-2012
Blanchette Rockefeller Neurosciences Institute
2005
West Virginia University
2005
Ohio University
2002
University of Alberta
1994
National Institutes of Health
1981-1990
Howard Hughes Medical Institute
1990
National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke
1990
University of Pittsburgh
1986
The role of the Ca2+/phospholipid-dependent, diacylglycerol-activated enzyme protein kinase C (PKC) in rabbit eyelid conditioning was examined. PKC partially purified from CA1 region hippocampal slices naive, pseudoconditioned, and conditioned rabbits 24 hr after were well conditioned. Crude membrane cytosol fractions prepared. In rabbits, significantly more activity (63.3%) associated with fraction (and less fraction) compared to naive (42.0%) pseudoconditioned (44.7%) animals. These...
Abstract Chromatophore organs in cephalopod skin are known to produce ultra-fast changes appearance for camouflage and communication. Light-scattering pigment granules within chromatocytes have been presumed be the sole source of coloration these complex organs. We report discovery structural emanating precise register with expanded pigmented chromatocytes. Concurrently, using an annotated squid chromatophore proteome together microscopy, we identify a likely biochemical component this...
Abstract Throughout nature, elegant biophotonic structures have evolved into sophisticated arrangements of pigments and structural reflectors that manipulate light in the skin, cuticles, feathers fur animals. Not many spherical are known those described often angle dependent or spectrally tuned. White scattering by flexible skin cuttlefish ( Sepia officinalis ) is examined how unique structure composition leucophore cells serve as physiologically passive approximating optical properties a...
Abstract Anthropogenic ocean acidification is likely to have negative effects on marine calcifying organisms, such as shelled pteropods, by promoting dissolution of aragonite shells. Study shell requires an accurate and sensitive method for assessing damage. Shell was induced through incubations in CO 2 ‐enriched seawater 4 14 days. We describe a procedure that allows the level be assessed classified into three main types: Type I with partial prismatic layer; II exposure underlying...
Cuttlefish, Sepia officinalis , possess neurally controlled, pigmented chromatophore organs that allow rapid changes in skin patterning and coloration response to visual cues. This process of adaptive is enabled by the 500% change surface area during actuation. We report two adaptations help explain how colour intensity maintained a fully expanded when pigment granules are distributed maximally: (i) layers as thin three maintain optical effectiveness (ii) presence high-refractive-index...
ABSTRACT Cephalopod mollusks are renowned for their colorful and dynamic body patterns, produced by an assemblage of skin components that interact with light. These may include iridophores, leucophores, chromatophores (in some species) photophores. Here, we present molecular evidence suggesting cephalopod – small dermal pigmentary organs reflect various colors light photosensitive. RT-PCR revealed the presence transcripts encoding rhodopsin retinochrome within retinas squid Doryteuthis...
Protein synthesis has long been known to be required for associative learning consolidate into long-term memory. Here we demonstrate that PKC isozyme activation on days before training can induce the of proteins necessary and sufficient subsequent memory consolidation. Bryostatin (Bryo), a macrolide lactone with efficacy in subnanomolar concentrations potential therapeutic Alzheimer's disease, is potent activator PKC, some whose isozymes undergo prolonged after learning. Under normal...
SUMMARY The blue-ringed octopus (Hapalochlaena lunulata), one of the world's most venomous animals, has long captivated and endangered a large audience: children playing at beach, divers turning over rocks, biologists researching neurotoxins. These small animals spend much their time in hiding, showing effective camouflage patterns. When disturbed, will flash around 60 iridescent blue rings and, when strongly harassed, bite deliver neurotoxin that can kill human. Here, we describe flashing...
Abstract Coleoid cephalopods adaptively change their body patterns (color, contrast, locomotion, posture, and texture) for camouflage signaling. Benthic octopuses cuttlefish possess the capability, unique in animal kingdom, to dramatically quickly skin from smooth flat rugose three‐dimensional. The organs responsible this physical are papillae, whose biomechanics have not been investigated. In study, small dorsal papillae ( Sepia officinalis ) were preserved retracted or extended state,...
A major component of cephalopod adaptive camouflage behavior has rarely been studied: their ability to change the three-dimensionality skin by morphing malleable dermal papillae. Recent work established that simple, conical papillae in cuttlefish (Sepia officinalis) function as muscular hydrostats; is, muscles extend a papilla also provide its structural support. We used brightfield and scanning electron microscopy investigate compare functional morphology nine types different shapes, sizes...
The white stripes of the pyjama squid (Sepioloidea lineolata) contain multilayer reflectors with an unordered plate arrangement, enabling reflectance diffuse light over a range viewing angles. Ultrastructural analysis and mathematical modeling are employed to elucidate functional mechanisms reflectance. This optical system may provide bio-inspired template for low-energy, reflectance-based synthetic displays. As service our authors readers, this journal provides supporting information...
Abstract As the original molluscan radula is not known from direct observation, we consider what form of may have been evidence provided by neomenioid Aplacophora (Solenogastres), Gastropoda, Polyplacophora, and Cambrian fossil Wiwaxia corrugata (Matthews). Conclusions are based on observation morphology its accessory structures (salivary gland ducts, radular sac, anteroventral pocket) in 25 species 16 genera Aplacophora; morphogenesis earliest tooth formation Gastropoda (14 among...
Associative memory of the mollusc Hermissenda crassicornis, previously correlated with changes specific K+ currents, protein phosphorylation, and increased synthesis mRNA proteins, is here shown to be accompanied by macroscopic alteration in structure a single identified neuron, medial type B photoreceptor cell. Four five days after training, terminal arborizations cells iontophoretically injected Ni2+ ions then treated rubeanic acid were measured charge-coupled device (CCD)-digitized...
Abstract Cephalopod skin is soft, flexible, and produces rapid color changes for camouflage signaling primarily by regulating the shapes of its numerous chromatophore organs. Each has 10–30 radial muscle cells, termed fibers, under central nervous system control. fiber contains myofilaments that contract in concert to stretch pigment‐containing cell from punctate, spherical state a fully expanded thin disk color. Expansion occurs less than one second can result 14‐fold expansion pigment...
Bryostatin, a potent agonist of protein kinase C (PKC), when administered to Hermissenda was found affect acquisition an associative learning paradigm. Low bryostatin concentrations (0.1 0.5 ng/ml) enhanced memory acquisition, while higher than 1.0 ng/ml down-regulated the pathway and no recall training exhibited. The extent enhancement depended upon conditioning regime used stage normally fostered by that regime. effects two events (TEs) with paired conditioned unconditioned stimuli, which...
Hemocyanins, high molecular weight oxygen-binding proteins, were identified in two species of protobranch bivalve mollusks, Acila castrensis and Yoldia limatula . Although hemocyanins have been reported chitons, gastropods, cephalopods, they not observed the Class Bivalvia. In A. dissociation products hemocyanin, characterized by gel electrophoresis, had a subunit approximately 250K. Negatively stained preparations extracted hemocyanin formed protein aggregates shape cylinders measuring 35...
The aeolid nudibranch, Hermissenda crassicornis, exhibits Pavlovian conditioning to paired light and rotational stimuli it has been suggested that protein kinase C(PKC) may play a critical role in the cellular mechanism for this conditioned behavioral response B-cell photoreceptor. present study was designed further examine learning-specific PKC involvement identified areas, particularly those visual-vestibular network, of nervous system after conditioning. As used previous vertebrate...
The highly diverse and changeable body patterns of cephalopods require the production whiteness varying degrees brightness for their large repertoire communication camouflage behaviors. Leucophores are structural reflectors that produce in cephalopods; they dermal aggregates numerous leucocytes containing spherical leucosomes ranging diameter from 200–2000 nm. In Sepia officinalis leucophores, always occur various combinations with iridocytes, cells plates function as Bragg stacks to reflect...