There is a growing interest in green hydrogen, with researchers, institutions, and countries focusing on its development, efficiency improvement, cost reduction. This paper explores the concept of hydrogen production process using renewable energy sources several leading countries, including Australia, European Union, India, Canada, China, Russia, United States, South Korea, Africa, Japan, other nations North Africa. These regions possess significant potential for “green” production,...

Brain tumor is a severe cancer and life-threatening disease. Thus, early detection crucial in the process of treatment. Recent progress field deep learning has contributed enormously to health industry medical diagnosis. Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been intensively used as approach detect brain tumors using MRI images. Due limited dataset, algorithms CNNs should be improved more efficient. one most known techniques improve model performance Data Augmentation. This paper...

This work proposes a compact metasurface (MS)-integrated wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for fifth generation (5G) sub-6 GHz wireless communication systems. The perceptible novelty of the proposed MIMO system is its wide operating bandwidth, high gain, lower interelement gap, and excellent isolation within components. radiating patch truncated diagonally with partially ground plane, has been employed enhancing performance. suggested MS integrated single prototype...

In the Internet of Things (IoT), a lot constrained devices are interconnected. The data collected from those can be target cyberattacks. this paper, lightweight cryptosystem that efficiently implemented in highly IOT is proposed. algorithm mainly based on Advanced Encryption Standard (AES) and new chaotic S-box. Since its adoption by IEEE 802.15.4 protocol, AES embedded platforms have been increasingly used. main cryptographic properties generated S-box validated. randomness has confirmed...

The development of metamaterial absorbers has become attractive for various fields application, such as sensing, detectors, wireless communication, antenna design, emitters, spatial light modulators, etc. Multiband with polarization insensitivity have drawn significant attention in microwave absorption and sensing research. In this paper, we propose a quad-band polarization-insensitive absorber (MMA) Ku- K-band applications. proposed patch comprises two square split-ring resonators (SSRR),...

This paper presents the development of an innovative, tunable star-shaped microwave sensor operating at two distinct frequency bands C and X band, optimized for high-sensitivity sensing both solid liquid mediums. The sensor's innovative geometry augments surface interaction with target substances, significantly enhancing response sensitivity. Furthermore, tunability allows to adapt different environments, maximizing detection potential frequencies. research delves into performance when using...

A unique shaped metamaterial sensor is proposed for detecting a wide range of pure and adulterated fuels oils. The functionality the designed structure has been examined both theoretically practically ways, results show that it performs incredibly well. new sample holder built more convenient functioning, attached directly behind constructed structure. In field research on liquids sensing, purpose this work was to present an alternative methodology. CST microwave studio software used test...

This research provides a detailed explanation of the design, simulation, and experimental quad-square metamaterial-based negative-index unit cells for S-band applications. The Computer Simulation Technology 2022 licensee version was utilized to design obtain numerical results cell. proposed cell metamaterial has dimensions 5 × 1.57 mm3. substrate chosen FR-4, resulting in substantial effective medium ratio value 19.07. A series systematic parametric studies were conducted optimize quad...

In this paper, by engineering the filling factor of resonator a hybrid frequency selective surface (FSS), low-profile and application-targeted microwave metamaterial absorber is proposed with polarization angle insensitivity. The FSS on FR4 substrate comprises four identical concentric copper sub SRRs defected ground. square-cut area at center ground were tuned to get desired absorption peaks some IEEE defined frequencies C X bands, which any other available perfect absorbers cannot obtain....

The impact of Partial Shading Conditions (PSCs) significantly influences the output Photovoltaic Systems (PVSs). Under PSCs, Power-Voltage (P-V) characteristic PVS unveils numerous power peaks, inclusive local maxima and a global maximum. latter represents optimum point. Traditional Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithms struggle to track Global (GMPP). To address this, our study emphasizes creation novel algorithm capable identifying GMPP. This approach combines Cuckoo Search (CS)...

This article proposed a new triple-band transmission block metamaterial (MTM) for 5G mm-wave applications. The peak transmission-blocking attributes are achieved at 27.09 GHz, 38.71 and 41.81 GHz frequency by interconnected square split ring resonators (ISSRR). A thin Rogers RT5880 substrate material of thickness 0.79 mm is employed to design the MTM structure, unit cell dimension 5 × mm2. designed shows −10 dB coefficient (S21) from 24.60 28.47 36.50–39.65 40.77–44 bands. evolution,...

Food safety is a critical public health priority, as food chemicals such formalin, saccharin, sucralose, and sodium benzoate present significant threat. A flexible substrate based on Zn-Ca-Co ferrite proposed solution to concerns, addressing limitations found in conventional microwave sensors. This study explores the possibilities of Zn0.5-xCa0.1Co0.4+xFe2O4 (x ranging from 0 0.30) nanoparticles synthesized by sol–gel substrate, modified labyrinth-shape metamaterial structure reveals...

Organic Rankine cycles (ORCs) are increasingly employed in power plants to recover waste energy and reduce environmental impacts. The radial turbine, a critical ORC component, experiences flow losses influenced by design parameters such as the rotor blade stator vane numbers. Traditional empirical correlations developed for air often lack accuracy ORCs due differences fluid properties dynamics. This study uses advanced CFD models evaluate refine these applications. For ORC, heat from Ha’il...

Developing a meta-structure with near-unity absorbance in the visible and infrared spectra for solar energy harvesting, photodetection, thermal imaging, photo-trapping, optical communications is long-term research challenge. This presents four-layered (insulator-metal-insulator-metal) unit cell that showed peak of 99.99% at 288-300 nm average 99.18% over 250-2000 wavelength range TE TM modes, respectively. The symmetric pattern resonator layer shows polarization insensitivity an absorption...

This study introduces an innovative high-Quality factor (Q-factor) double negative (DNG) metamaterial sensor designed for textile fabric and moisture sensing applications in the dynamic realm of innovation. The is specifically to detect dielectric properties content different fabrics. high Q-factor this structure ensures heightened sensitivity accuracy sensing, facilitating precise detection even subtle changes properties. By measuring frequency shifting analyzing S 21 values, provides...

Deep Learning (DL) algorithms have shown wonders in many Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks such as language-to-language translation, spam filtering, fake-news detection, and comprehension understanding. However, research has that the adversarial vulnerabilities of deep learning networks manifest themselves when DL is used for NLP tasks. Most mitigation techniques proposed to date are supervised—relying on retraining improve robustness—which impractical. This work introduces a novel,...

Heart weakness and restricted blood flow into the cavities can cause a range of strokes from mild to severe are primary caused due fat deposited on artery walls. The process reduces intake internally causes pseudo vacuum air bubbles leading stroke which be identified with high-end instrumentations. In this article, detailed evaluation is processed Hybrid Optimization Algorithm (HOA). proposed technique, data preprocessed using label encoder missing values dataset filled. Whale (WOA) Crow...

This article demonstrates a compact wideband four-port multiple-input-multiple-output (MIMO) antenna system integrated with metamaterial (MM) to reach high gain for sub-6 GHz new radio (NR) 5G communication. The four antennas of the proposed MIMO are orthogonally positioned adjacent short interelement edge-to-edge distance (0.19λmin at 3.25 GHz), confirming size and characteristics 55.2% (3.25–5.6 GHz). Each component consists fractal slotted unique patch transmission feed line metal...

State of the art research on conventional microwave substrates reveals limitations restricted flexibility, poor adaptability to irregular surfaces, and reduced effectiveness in complex sensing environments, leading development a flexible substrate using Co–Ca ferrite for feasible applications detecting industrial chemicals. In this paper, CoxCa (0.90-x) Ni0.10Fe2O4 (x = 0.25, 0.50, 0.75) based is developed through sol-gel method rectangular enclosed cross-dumbbells (RECD) metamaterial...