Traditional waste management system operates based on daily schedule which is highly inefficient and costly. The existing recycle bin has also proved its ineffectiveness in the public as people do not their properly. With development of Internet Things (IoT) Artificial Intelligence (AI), traditional can be replaced with smart sensors embedded into to perform real time monitoring allow for better management. aim this research develop a using LoRa communication protocol TensorFlow deep...

This work proposes a compact metasurface (MS)-integrated wideband multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna for fifth generation (5G) sub-6 GHz wireless communication systems. The perceptible novelty of the proposed MIMO system is its wide operating bandwidth, high gain, lower interelement gap, and excellent isolation within components. radiating patch truncated diagonally with partially ground plane, has been employed enhancing performance. suggested MS integrated single prototype...

Metamaterial absorber (MMA) is now attracting significant interest due to its attractive applications, such as thermal detection, sound absorption, detection for explosive, military radar, wavelength detector, underwater and various sensor applications that are the vital part of internet things. This article proposes a modified square split ring resonator MMA Ku-band sensing application, where metamaterial structure designed on FR-4 substrate material with dielectric constant 4.3 loss...

The development of metamaterial absorbers has become attractive for various fields application, such as sensing, detectors, wireless communication, antenna design, emitters, spatial light modulators, etc. Multiband with polarization insensitivity have drawn significant attention in microwave absorption and sensing research. In this paper, we propose a quad-band polarization-insensitive absorber (MMA) Ku- K-band applications. proposed patch comprises two square split-ring resonators (SSRR),...

Metamaterial absorbers are very attractive due to their significant absorption behavior at optical wavelengths, which can be implemented for energy harvesting, plasmonic sensors, imaging, modulators, photovoltaic detectors, etc. This paper presents a numerical study of an ultra-wide-band double square ring (DSR) metamaterial absorber (MMA) the complete visible wavelength region, is designed with three-layer (tungsten-silicon dioxide-tungsten) substrate material. Due symmetricity,...

The development of antipodal Vivaldi antenna with a fractal slot is presented in this paper due to its promising application as an element possible multisensory systems head stroke imaging. applied improve the directivity, bandwidth and gain antenna. Hence, research mainly aims create optimise compact through for detection human head. designed overall dimension 65 × 1.6 mm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">3</sup> using Roger...

In this research paper, an inverse double V loaded complementary square split ring resonator based negative (DNG) metamaterial has been developed and examined numerically experimentally. The electromagnetic (EM) properties of the proposed V-structure were calculated using computer simulation technology (CST-2019) finite integration technique (FIT). designed provides three resonance frequencies are 2.86, 5, 8.30 GHz, covering S-, C-, X-bands. total size recommended unit cell is 8 [Formula:...

Modeling the electromagnetic radiation from modern digital systems-acting effectively as extended stochastic sources part of a complex architecture-is challenging task. We follow an approach here based on measuring and propagating field-field autocorrelation functions (ACFs) after suitable averaging. From modeling side, we use Wigner transform ACFs to describe random wave fields in terms position direction propagation variables. An approximate propagator for components radiated magnetic...

In this paper a 2D parametric identification algorithm of stochastic electromagnetic interference (EMI) sources based on near-field measurements is presented. The unintentional radiation electronic devices and connecting cables can be measured by using two-point planar scanning probes connected to the digital oscilloscope for ultra-wideband (UWB) time-domain data recording. characterization registered field distribution was implemented evaluating autocorrelation cross-correlation spectra....

Measurements of field-field correlation in the time domain can be used to characterize stochastic broadband emissions from complex sources. A two-probe scanning measurement system is developed and sample near-field two such sources: a reverberation chamber with rectangular aperture generic printed circuit board (PCB). We show that measured field data utilized numerical wave propagation schemes predict fields radiated packaged device.

Electromagnetic radiation from complex printed circuit boards can occur over a broad frequency bandwidth, ranging hundreds of megahertz to tens gigahertz. This is becoming critical issue for assessment EMC and interoperability as electronic components become more integrated. We use emissions an enclosure with single-slot aperture equipped operating electronics exemplify model such sources. Spatial correlation functions obtained two-probe measurements are used both characterize the source...

In this article, a method for representing electromagnetic emissions from device under test (DUT) using an equivalent time dependent dipole array model deduced the time-domain near-field scanned tangential magnetic fields is proposed. First, three-dimensional (3-D) scanning system established to measure emitted DUTs which are transmission line above ground plane and printed circuit board (PCB) with several microstrips, respectively. For measurements, two field probes calibrated over broad...

Near-field scanning is an established technique for the efficient and accurate measurement of radiated emissions from electronic equipment EMC studies. Recently use two probes near-field has been developed field correlation with many uncorrelated sources that essentially have a stochastic distribution. The probe however very time consuming requires large computer resources. In this paper study made typical devices to look at methods reducing complexity fields.

This paper reviews recent progress in the measurement and modelling of stochastic electromagnetic fields, focusing on propagation approaches based Wigner functions method moments technique. The respective methods are exemplified by application to measurements emissions from a stirred, cavity-backed aperture. We discuss early elements statistical electromagnetics Heaviside's papers, driven mainly an analogy wave with heat transfer. These ideas include concepts momentum directionality realm...

In this work we present advances in measurements of noisy electromagnetic fields using two-probe scanning and correlation analysis. Correlation analysis provides a basis for accurate modeling and, hence, advancing efforts computer aided design to reduce interference. The amount data required the characterization stochastic EM near can be reduced considerably by principal component

In this study, a Metamaterial Absorber (MMA) has been proposed for microwave applications. The designed metamaterial exhibits 99.99% of absorption at both 27.5 GHz and 31 resonance frequency. Which covers two 0.38 1.76 90% bandwidth from 27.325-27.705 29.505G-31.264 respectively. absorption, electric field, magnetic surface current distribution have presented to understand the physical mechanism dual-band behavior. Furthermore, MMA is analyzed with different polarization angles effect size...

The radiation from complex PCBs can be characterized through a statistical approach involving the field-field correlation. A two-probe measurement technique is developed to measure stochastic electromagnetic (EM) emission an Arduino Galileo board in enclosure time domain at two different heights. Wigner distribution function, which representation phase space, used understand mechanics of near field emissions. evolution correlation function and observed for both measurements. These results...

We present methods for measurement and evaluation of stationary cyclostationary stochastic electromagnetic fields. The radiated interference (EMI) electronic circuitry is recorded by two-point measurements the tangential electric or magnetic field components evaluating autocorrelation functions each pair sampling points also cross correlation functions. In case digital clocked a single clock pulse, generated EMI process where expectation values are periodically time dependent according to...

Abstract The integration of 5G mm-wave and Wi-Fi frequency bands becomes significant for upcoming wireless applications providing a large ratio. This work presents reconfigurable hexagonal metamaterial resonator (HMR) antenna band. A PIN diode is utilized to link up microstrip patch (MPA) with HMR achieve the resonant proposed 5 GHz (Wi-Fi) 27.87 peak gain 2.33 dB 7.12 dB, respectively. operating bandwidth 800 MHz (4.5-5.3 GHz) 1020 (27.35-28.37 GHz). rogers RT5880 substrate thickness 0.508...

This paper discusses how the measurements of near-field emissions in time domain can be used to characterize broadband from complex sources such as multifunctional Printed Circuit Boards (PCBs). The near-fields, transverse measurement surface, are sufficient characterise radiator provided surface contains all significant fields. For measurements, field probe is calibrated over a broad bandwidth for both amplitude and phase provide impulse response. A suitable digital filter applied with same...