People vary in how they remember the past: some recall richly detailed episodes; others more readily access semantic features of events. The neural correlates such trait-like differences episodic and remembering are unknown. We found that self-reported individual one recalls past were related to predictable intrinsic connectivity patterns medial temporal lobe (MTL) memory system. A pattern MTL posterior brain regions supporting visual-perceptual processing (occipital/parietal cortices) was...

Autobiographical memory retrieval involves constructing mental representations of personal past episodes by associating together an array details related to the retrieved event. This construction process occurs flexibly so that event can be associated in different ways during retrieval. Here, we propose differences how this association support a division autobiographical remembering. We first review theories organization suggest episodic experience are processed along gradient abstraction....

Older adults are known to benefit from supportive context in order compensate for age-related reductions perceptual and cognitive processing, including when comprehending spoken language adverse listening conditions. In the present study, we examine how younger older two types of contextual support, predictability sentence priming, identifying target words noise-vocoded sentences. first part experiment, based on primarily semantic knowledge was evaluated by comparing accuracy identification...

Abstract Recent investigations have shown that the medial temporal lobe (MTL), a region thought to be exclusive episodic memory, can also influence performance on tests of semantic memory. The present study examined further nature MTL contributions memory tasks by tracking activation as participants performed category fluency, traditional test retrieval. For categories were inherently autobiographical (e.g. names friends), MTLs activated throughout time period in which items generated,...

Recollection of one’s personal past, or autobiographical memory (AM), varies across individuals and the life span. This manifests in amount episodic content recalled during AM, which may reflect differences associated functional brain networks. We take an individual approach to examine resting-state connectivity temporal lobe regions known coordinate AM retrieval with default network (anterior posterior hippocampus, pole) test for associations AM. Multiecho magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI)...

Aging comes with declines in episodic memory. Memory decline is accompanied by structural and functional alterations within key brain regions, including the hippocampus lateral prefrontal cortex, as well their affiliated default frontoparietal control networks. Most studies have examined how or differences relate to memory independently. Here we implemented a multimodal, multivariate approach investigate interactions between individual integrity connectivity performance healthy aging. In...

A growing body of evidence suggests that the hippocampus contributes to performance (or is implicated) in non-memory domains from perception problem solving. In a previous study we found hippocampal contribution exemplar generation fluency task was determined jointly by open-endedness and its ability elicit episodic memories (Sheldon Moscovitch (2012) Hippocampus 22:1451-1466). current study, extend these observations exploring role generative, goal-directed open-ended thought patients with...

Individuals differ in how they mentally imagine past events. When reminiscing about a experience, some individuals remember the event accompanied by rich visual images, while others will it with few of these images. In spite implications that differences use imagery have to understanding human memory, studies taken them into consideration. We examined interference affecting memory retrieval was differently modulated spatial and object ability. presented participants series video-clips...

Healthy aging is associated with episodic memory decline, particularly in the ability to encode and retrieve object-context associations (context memory). Neuropsychological neuroimaging studies have highlighted importance of medial temporal lobes (MTL) supporting across lifespan. However, given functional heterogeneity MTL, volumetric declines distinct regions may impact performance on specific tasks, affect function large-scale neurocognitive networks encoding retrieval. In current study,...

Negative schemas lie at the core of many common and debilitating mental disorders. Thus, intervention scientists clinicians have long recognized importance designing effective interventions that target schema change. Here, we suggest optimal development administration such can benefit from a framework outlining how change occurs in brain. Guided by basic neuroscientific findings, provide memory-based neurocognitive for conceptualizing emerge over time they be modified during psychological...

Individuals avoid spending cognitive effort unless expected rewards offset the perceived costs. Recent work employing tasks that provide explicit information about demands and incentives, suggests causal involvement of Frontopolar Cortex (FPC) in effort-based decision-making. Using transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS), we examined whether FPC’s role motivating generalizes to sequential choice problems which task demand reward rates vary indirectly as a function experience. In...

Emotional events are known to be prioritized during episodic encoding, leading more detailed recollections compared neutral events. Encoding an emotional event can influence the mnemonic fate of preceding or subsequent Studies examining impact emotion on memory for neighboring have produced inconsistent results, which could due differences in conceptual association between and stimuli. To test this idea, we conducted two behavioural experiments participants viewed one video clip from same...

Noise vocoding was used to investigate the ability of younger and older adults with normal audiometric thresholds in speech range use amplitude envelope cues identify words. In Experiment 1, four 50-word lists were tested, each word presented initially one frequency band number bands being incremented until it correctly identified by listener. Both age groups required an average 5.25 for 50% correct identification performance improved across lists. 2, same participants who completed 1 words...

The relationship of higher order problem solving to basic neuropsychological processes likely depends on the type problems be solved. Well-defined (e.g., completing a series errands) may rely primarily executive functions. Conversely, ill-defined navigating socially awkward situations) may, in addition, medial temporal lobe (MTL) mediated episodic memory processes. Healthy young (N = 18; M 19; SD 1.3) and old 73; 5.0) adults completed battery tests function, experimental solving. Correlation...

Abstract Recollection of personal past events differs across the lifespan. Older individuals recall fewer episodic details and convey more semantic information than young. Here we examine how gray matter volumes in temporal lobe regions integral to memory (hippocampus poles, respectively) are related age differences autobiographical recollection. Gray were obtained healthy young ( n = 158) old 105) adults. The pole was demarcated hippocampus segmented into anterior posterior test for volume...

Abstract A commonly held assumption is that processes underlying explicit and implicit memory are distinct. Recent evidence, however, suggests they may interact more than previously believed. Using the remember–know procedure current study examines relation between recollection, a process thought to be exclusive memory, performance on two tasks, lexical decision word stem completion. We found that, for both words were recollected associated with greater priming effects given subsequent...

Autobiographical memory research has investigated how cueing distinct aspects of a past event can trigger different recollective experiences. This stimulated theories about autobiographical knowledge is accessed and organized. Here, we test the idea that thematic information organizes multiple events whereas spatial individual episodes by investigating retrieval guided these two forms differs. We used novel fluency task in which participants exemplars to theme (location) cues followed...