A5068364577- Cultural Heritage Materials Analysis
- Building materials and conservation
- Conservation Techniques and Studies
- Ancient Mediterranean Archaeology and History
- Archaeology and ancient environmental studies
- Wood Treatment and Properties
- Lignin and Wood Chemistry
- Analytical Chemistry and Chromatography
- Analytical chemistry methods development
- Maritime and Coastal Archaeology
- Electrochemical Analysis and Applications
- 3D Surveying and Cultural Heritage
- Dye analysis and toxicity
- Dyeing and Modifying Textile Fibers
- Advanced Chemical Sensor Technologies
- Archaeological and Historical Studies
- Identification and Quantification in Food
- Analytical Chemistry and Sensors
- Laser Material Processing Techniques
- Mass Spectrometry Techniques and Applications
- Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Archaeology and Historical Studies
- Pigment Synthesis and Properties
- Ancient Egypt and Archaeology
- Isotope Analysis in Ecology
University of Pisa
2015-2024
DASA (Brazil)
2024
National Research Council
2014-2020
National Gallery of Denmark
2020
Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Pisana
2020
Institute for Technologies Applied to Cultural Heritage
2014-2018
University of Insubria
2014-2018
Industriale Chimica (Italy)
2005-2016
Institute for the Conservation and Valorization of Cultural Heritage
2014-2016
National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine
2015
Recent archaeological discoveries have revealed that pigment use, beads, engravings, and sophisticated stone bone tools were already present in southern Africa 75,000 y ago. Many of these artifacts disappeared by 60,000 ago, suggesting modern behavior appeared the past was subsequently lost before becoming firmly established. Most archaeologists think San hunter–gatherer cultural adaptation emerged 20,000 However, reanalysis organic from Border Cave, South Africa, shows Early Later Stone Age...
Determining the chronology of ancient handwritten manuscripts is essential for reconstructing evolution ideas. For Dead Sea Scrolls, this particularly important. However, there an almost complete lack date-bearing evenly distributed across timeline and written in similar scripts available palaeographic comparison. Here, we present Enoch, a state-of-the-art AI-based date-prediction model, trained on basis new radiocarbon-dated samples scrolls. Enoch uses established handwriting-style...
Abstract Dyes are among the most significant components in works of art and archaeological findings. In scientific examination historical artefacts, identification natural dyestuffs is a challenging task, due to complexity their chemical composition possible presence mixtures chromophores degradation products. For this reason, last few decades, new analytical procedures techniques have been developed improved for characterization organic dyes microsamples. This review looks at dyeing...
A novel GC/MS analytical procedure for the identification of lipids, waxes, proteins, and resinous materials in same microsample from painted works art has been optimized. It is based on a sample multistep chemical pretreatment (solvent extractions microwave-assisted chemolysis) that able to separate various organic components into different fractions, which are suitably treated derivatized before analysis. In particular, allows complete saponification wax esters completeness Cannizzaro type...
The transition from the Middle Stone Age (MSA) to Later (LSA) in South Africa was not associated with appearance of anatomically modern humans and extinction Neandertals, as Upper Paleolithic Western Europe. It has therefore attracted less attention, yet it provides insights into patterns technological evolution a new hominin. Data Border Cave (KwaZulu-Natal) show strong pattern change at approximately 44-42 ka cal BP, marked by adoption techniques materials that were present but scarcely...
Throughout history, artists have experimented with a variety of organic-based natural materials, using them as paint binders, varnishes, and ingredients for mordants in gildings. Artists often use many layers to produce particular effects. How we see painting is thus the final result how this complex, highly heterogeneous, multimaterial, multilayered structure interacts light. The chemical characterization organic substances materials great importance artwork conservation because components...
An innovative GC/MS procedure for the characterization of organic materials in samples from works art was developed. It is based on a multistep chemical pretreatment ammonia extraction proteins and polysaccharide materials, order to separate them lipid resinous materials. The then followed by separation purification proteinaceous before hydrolysis, use monolithic sorbent tip technology with C4 stationary phase. Lipids resins are saponified/salified separately. Three fractions generated...
This paper presents an analytical investigation of paint reconstructions prepared with linseed oil that have undergone typical 19th century treatments in preparation for painting. The was mechanically extracted from the same seed lot, which then processed by various methods: water washing, heat treatments, and addition driers, without heat. A modern process lead white (Dutch source, Schoonhoven) a commercially available vine black were used as pigments. 1999, naturally aged onwards. We...
Aims: To set up and employ, for the biorestoration of cultural heritage (altered frescoes), an advanced innovative biotechnology method based on sequential use whole viable bacterial cells specific enzymes. Methods Results: The bioremediation intervention consisted direct application onto artwork surface Pseudomonas stutzeri A29 strain (bioaugmentation), followed by, in a final step, purified Protease enzyme. was performed Spinello Aretino fresco that had become altered by animal glue...
Abstract A systematic study of standard triterpenes ( α ‐amyrine, oleanolic acid, betulin, lupeol, betulinic acid and lupenone) raw resinous materials (frankincense resin, mastic resin birch bark pitch) was performed using direct exposure electron ionisation mass spectrometry (DE‐MS) gas chromatography/mass (GC/MS). DE‐MS provides a spectral fingerprint organic in few minutes which highlights the compounds that are main components sample. The application principal component analysis (PCA) on...
Proteomic strategies are herein proved to be a complementary approach the well established amino acid composition analysis for characterization of aging and deterioration phenomena occurring proteinaceous materials in works-of-art. Amino analyses on several samples demonstrated that proteins frescoes from Camposanto Monumentale Pisa deteriorated as revealed by decrease Met, Lys, Tyr content presence all malonic result Ser, Phe, Cys oxidation. identified deamidation at Asn Gln further major...
Historically, a very large variety of everyday artifacts were made wood, which makes them representative their historical period or social context and valuable for archaeologists historians. In order to preserve degraded wood develop apply suitable conservation treatments, chemical physical characterization archaeological is needed. This review provides the reader with survey on state-of-the-art instrumental analytical tools available understand morphology composition wood. The focus...
AbstractAn analytical procedure for the characterization of plant resins, waxes, bitumen, oils and their degradation products in mummy balms is described. The method based on selective extraction these compounds from 19 samples with CH2Cl2 and, after drying residue, n-hexane, followed by a Florisil chromatographic clean-up step non-polar extract saponification an aliquot dried extract. Polar were derivatized t-butyl-dimethyl silyl trifluoroacetamide (MTBSTF A). Quantitative determinations...