Numerous studies were published in the last two decades to evaluate and project permafrost changes its thermal state, mainly based on soil temperature datasets from Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP), discuss impacts of regional hydrological, ecological climatic systems even carbon cycles. However, limited monitored data are available validate CMIP outputs, resulting over-projection future CMIP3 CMIP5. Moreover, CMIP6, particularly over Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (QTP), where covers...

The relative importance of tropical SST anomalies to the dominant variability East Asian Summer Monsoon (EASM) circulation is investigated using an atmospheric general model and a linear inverse model. It found that cooling over central Pacific crucial in developing maintaining summertime northwest anticyclones, associated with EASM precipitation. In this regard, previously suggested El Niño event preceding winter accompanying Indian Ocean warming alone may not be enough predict strength...

Abstract This study identifies several modes of coevolution various types El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and Indian Ocean dipole (IOD) by performing rotated season-reliant empirical orthogonal function (S-EOF) analysis with consideration ENSO asymmetry. The first two reveal that early-onset is associated subsequent strong IOD development, whereas late-onset forces an obscure pattern marginal SST anomalies in the western Ocean. Further studies show Niño starting before early summer can...

Abstract This study found that the relationship between Indian Summer Monsoon Rainfall (ISMR) and El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) has recovered since 2001, strength is closely related to summer tropical Ocean (TIO) sea surface temperature (SST) anomaly, with TIO warming (cooling) indicating a stronger (weaker) relationship. Under same Niño/La Niña scenario, different signs of anomaly indicate distinct atmospheric circulation anomalies over Ocean, thus affecting ISMR–ENSO The principally...

Abstract Deforestation can impact precipitation through biophysical processes and such effects are commonly examined by models. However, previous studies mostly conduct deforestation experiments with a single model the simulated responses to diverge across studies. In this study, 11 Earth system models used robustly examine impacts of on precipitation, extremes, seasonal pattern rainy season comparison control simulation an idealized global clearings 20 million km 2 forests. The multimodel...

To investigate the spatiotemporal characteristics of sea level changes in Hangzhou Bay over past 40 years, we collected tide gauge data from six stations within bay. Various mathematical and statistical methods, including linear regression, empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis, wavelet were employed to reveal long-term variation patterns levels Bay. The results show that overall trend this area is characterized by a fluctuating rise, with rate rise at top bay (Ganpu Station) reaching...

Building energy consumption management significantly impacts efficiency, environmental effects, and economic benefits throughout a building’s life cycle. Optimizing building has become great challenge in the field of green buildings. This paper proposes an automated simulation method that integrates EnergyPlus tool with Python scripting. approach efficiently generates large volumes data supports development machine learning surrogate models, thereby enhancing efficiency reducing...

Abstract The Pacific Meridional Mode (PMM) impacts tropical sea surface temperature variations, which in turn affect the PMM through excited atmospheric teleconnections. Previous studies linked this loop to Pacific‐excited North Oscillation (NPO; second empirical mode of level pressure variability), while a recent study proposed linkage Aleutian low (AL) variability (the first mode). Unraveling their relative importance for is thus crucial better understanding subtropical‐tropical...

Abstract Tropical Atlantic (TA) SST variability can impact the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). Here, we find that interannual EASM–TA relationship exhibits an evident interdecadal variation modulated by Interdecadal Pacific Oscillation (IPO). The is strong during positive phase of IPO (pIPO) but weak negative (nIPO). pIPO (nIPO)-related warm (cold) anomalies in central tropical (CTP) intensify (weaken) convection over CTP. Therefore, a Matsuno–Gill response TA-induced CTP change (weak)...

Abstract The authors compared the assessment of seasonal cycle atmospheric response to surface forcing in three statistical methods, generalized equilibrium feedback analysis (GEFA), linear inverse modeling (LIM), and fluctuation–dissipation theorem (FDT). These methods are applied both a conceptual climate model observation. It is found that LIM GEFA able reproduce major features consistently, whereas FDT tends generate bias phase cycle. success for due slowly varying nature annual relative...

Tracking systems have been widely used to resolve the issues of product recall and food safety. Thus far, few researches done on designing tracking capability from perspective supply chain. In this paper, using traceable unit size at manufacturer level measure capability, we propose a non-convex non-linear programming jointly optimise price considering cost in chain with endogenous pricing. Results show that, both centralised decentralised chains, there is unique retailing/wholesale...

Sensitivity of Asian Summer Monsoon (ASM) precipitation to tropical sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies was estimated from ensemble simulations two atmospheric general circulation models (GCMs) with an array idealized SST anomaly patch prescriptions. Consistent sensitivity patterns were obtained in both models. Indian (ISM) cooling the East Pacific much weaker than that same magnitude local Indian–western Pacific, over which a meridional pattern warm north and cold south most...

Abstract Prediction of summer precipitation in north China (NCP) has long been a challenge partly because its low correlation with previous sea surface temperature (SST) anomalies (SSTA) limits the application SST NCP prediction. This study aims to extract optimal predictors from field using an objective method—empirically screening (EOS). It finds that precursory signal lies change SSTA winter spring rather than itself. identifies two signs predicting positive (negative) anomaly: anomalous...

Abstract Interdecadal changes in the relationship between East Asian Summer Monsoon Precipitation (EASMP) and concurrent El Niño‐Southern Oscillation (ENSO) vary across subregions, making it challenging to holistically understand these variations underlying mechanisms. To address this issue, we apply moving correlation Empirical Orthogonal Function (MC‐EOF) EASMP ENSO, identifying a meridional tri‐pole pattern interdecadal variation of their relationship. The primary driver is summer...

Major changes are occurring in the logistics of container shipping including growth demands, increased ship size and development new ports routes to serve US market. The Panama Canal is process being expanded potential exists for through Northwest Passage addition developed on West Coasts Canada Mexico. All these alternatives expected compete with system. purpose this paper analyse prospective impacts flows shipments markets. A spatial network flow model containerized imports into United...

Abstract Three statistic methods [generalized equilibrium feedback analysis (GEFA), linear inverse modeling (LIM), and fluctuation–dissipation theorem (FDT)] are compared for their assessment of the atmospheric response to sea surface temperature variability in coupled climate system with a sample length comparable observations (decades). The comparison is made first an idealized model then observations. For daily pentad data, stochastic system, simple study demonstrates that all three able...

Abstract We investigated the variability in North African dust transport routes over Atlantic (NAD routes) by extracting central axis using Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer aerosol data for 2001–2015. The results showed that NAD can be classified into two regimes, a southern route centered at southernmost position of 6.08 ± 1.12°N during November to March and northern northernmost 18.21 1.04°N April October. In route, large intervariation was correlated with Intertropical...