Excitatory and inhibitory (EI) interactions shape network activity. However, little is known about the EI in pathological conditions such as epilepsy. To investigate during seizure-like events (SLEs), we performed simultaneous dual triple whole cell extracellular recordings pyramidal cells oriens interneurons rat hippocampal CA1. We describe a novel pattern of interleaving activity spontaneous vitro SLEs generated by potassium channel blocker 4-aminopyridine presence decreased magnesium....

Precisely timed and dynamically balanced excitatory (E) inhibitory (I) conductances underlie the basis of neural network activity. Normal E/I balance is often shifted in epilepsy, resulting neuronal hyperexcitability recurrent seizures. However, dynamics actual synaptic ( g e i , respectively) during seizures remain unknown. To study E I balance, we calculated initiation, body, termination seizure-like events (SLEs) rat hippocampus vitro. Repetitive emergent SLEs 4-aminopyridine (100 μM)...

In Alzheimer's disease (AD), a decline in explicit memory is one of the earliest signs and associated with hippocampal dysfunction. Amyloid protein exerts disruptive impact on neuronal function, but specific effects network activity are not well known. this study, fast voltage-sensitive dye imaging extracellular whole-cell electrophysiology were used entorhinal cortical-hippocampal slice preparations to characterize 12-16 month old female APPswe/PSEN1DeltaE9 (APdE9 mice) mice. Aged APdE9...

In the developing mammalian visual system, axon terminals from two eyes overlap in dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) but then undergo a period of refinement and segregate to form distinct eye-specific domains. We report on changes synaptic transmission that occur rodent LGN during retinogeniculate segregation by using anterograde labeling techniques conjunction with an vitro preparation where large segments each optic nerve are preserved. Anterograde retinal projections early postnatal...

We utilized a novel ratiometric nanoquantum dot fluorescence resonance energy transfer (NQD-FRET) optical sensor to quantitatively measure oxygen dynamics from single cell microdomains during hypoxic episodes as well 4-aminopyridine (4-AP)-induced spontaneous seizure-like events in rat hippocampal slices. Coupling sensing with electrical recordings, we found the greatest reduction O2 concentration ([O2]) densely packed body stratum (st.) pyramidale layer of CA1 and differential...

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the abnormal proteolytic processing of amyloid precursor protein, resulting in increased production a self-aggregating form beta (Aβ). Several lines work on AD patients and transgenic mice with high Aβ levels exhibit altered rhythmicity, aberrant neuronal network activity hyperexcitability reflected clusters hyperactive neurons, spontaneous epileptic activity. Recent studies highlight that accumulation changes intrinsic properties inhibitory which...

Using intracellular recordings in an isolated (in vitro) rat brain stem preparation, we examined the synaptic responses of developing relay neurons dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). In newborn rats, strong stimulation optic tract (OT) evoked excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) that gave rise to a sustained (300–1,300 ms), slow-decaying (<0.01 mV/s), depolarization (25–40 mV). Riding atop this response was train spikes variable amplitude. We refer synaptically event as...

Simultaneous changes in ion concentrations, glutamate, and cell volume together with exchange of matter between network vasculature are ubiquitous numerous brain pathologies. A complete understanding pathological conditions as well normal function, therefore, hinges on elucidating the molecular cellular pathways involved these mostly interdependent variations. In this paper, we develop first computational framework that combines Hodgkin–Huxley type spiking dynamics, dynamic concentrations...

Summary Objective Severe myoclonic epilepsy in infancy ( SMEI ) or D ravet syndrome is one of the most devastating childhood epilepsies. Children with have febrile and afebrile seizures FS a ), ataxia, social cognitive dysfunctions. pharmacologically intractable can be fatal 10–20% patients. It remains to elucidated how channelopathies that cause impact synaptic activities key neural circuits, there an ongoing critical need for alternative methods controlling . Using SCN1A gene knock‐in...

The purpose of the present study was to determine whether retinal activity can support long-term changes in synaptic strength developing dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) thalamus. To test for this we made use a rodent vitro explant preparation which afferents and intrinsic circuitry LGN remain intact. We repetitively stimulated optic tract with tetanus protocol that approximated temporal features spontaneous waves. found amplitude extracellular field potentials evoked by stimulation...

Using intracellular recordings in an isolated (in vitro) brain stem preparation, we examined the inhibitory postsynaptic responses of developing neurons dorsal lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) rat. As early as postnatal day (P) 1–2, 31% all excitatory (EPSP) activity evoked by electrical stimulation optic tract was followed potentials (IPSPs). By P5, 98% retinally EPSPs were IPSP activity. During first week, IPSPs mediated largely GABA A receptors. Additional B -mediated emerged at P3–4 but...

The nervous system encodes and processes information with the activities of neurons. response a single neuron is complex depends on interactions between its previous state, intrinsic properties, stimuli it receives. Experimentally, we utilize patch clamp technique to monitor neural membrane voltages, but underlying stimuli, including external current or synaptic from other neurons, cannot be fully observed. In this paper, used computational models as an alternative tackle these challenges....

A description of healthy and pathological brain dynamics requires an understanding spatiotemporal patterns neural activity characteristics its propagation between interconnected circuits. However, the structure modulation activation maps underlying these their remain elusive. We investigated effects β-adrenergic receptor (β-AR) stimulation on emergent in rat hippocampal Synchronized epileptiform-like activity, such as interictal bursts (IBs) ictal-like events (ILEs), were evoked by...

High-throughput imaging techniques, such as Knife-Edge Scanning Microscopy (KESM),are capable of acquiring three-dimensional whole-organ images at sub-micrometer resolution. These are challenging to segment since they can exceed several terabytes (TB) in size, requiring extremely fast and fully automated algorithms. Staining techniques limited contrast agents that be applied large samples imaged a single pass. This requires maximizing the number structures labeled channel, resulting densely...

Cell segmentation in microscopy is a challenging problem, since cells are often asymmetric and densely packed. Successful cell algorithms rely identifying seed points, highly sensitive to variablility size. In this paper, we present an efficient parallel formulation for symmetric three-dimensional contour evolution that extends previous work on fast two-dimensional snakes. We provide optimization 3D images, as well strategy accelerating computation consumer graphics hardware. The proposed...