In this paper, we present a smart US imaging system (SMUS) based on an android-OS smartphone, which can provide maximally optimized efficacy in terms of weight and size point-of-care diagnostic applications. The proposed SMUS consists the smartphone (Galaxy S5 LTE-A, Samsung., Korea) 16-channel probe system. contains analog digital front-ends, conducts beamforming mid-processing procedures. Otherwise, performs back-end processing including envelope detection, log compression, 2D image...

Lipid-coated microbubbles are widely used as an ultrasound contrast agent, well drug delivery carriers. However, the two main limitations in diagnosis and using short half-life blood system, difficulty of surface modification for active targeting. The exosome, a type extracellular vesicle, has preferentially targeting ability its original cell. In this study, exosome-fused (Exo-MBs) were developed by embedding exosome membrane proteins into microbubbles. As result, stability Exo-MBs is...

In medical ultrasound imaging, Signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) is an important factor for imaging quality. Coded excitation methods have been widely used such as Golay codes and Barker to achieve higher SNR without degradation of axial resolution. The improvement determined by code length. However, because conventional are limited specific known sequences, it only allowed select one the sequences imaging. this paper, we propose a new Barker-sequence-modulated (BMG) coded technique proposed BMG...

Synthetic transmit focusing (STF) methods using unfocused waves or plane (PWs) have recently been investigated extensively. However, STF PWs with a convex array (PWSTF-CA) has not rigorously studied for high-resolution sector imaging. In this paper, the authors suggest an analytical model accurate characterization of spatial beam patterns PWSTF-CA large range either uniformly non-uniformly distributed PW angles. On basis model, frame-based approach non-uniform angles is suggested to achieve...

In a 3-D medical ultrasound imaging system, matrix array probe with 2-D positioning of the elements allows high resolution images due to its capability two-dimensional dynamic focusing. However, hundreds (up thousands) in make fabrication transducers and cables challenging. this paper, achieve quality low hardware complexity, we introduce column-based micro-beamformer (CMB) which column is considered as sub-array then elevational lateral beamformings are sequentially conducted analog digital...

In tungsten(W)-film chemical-mechanical-planarization(CMP), Fenton reaction between ferric-based-catalyst and oxidant hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) enhances the chemical-oxidation degree of W-film surface degrades abrasive stability a CMP-slurry as trade-off effect. The addition scavenger (i.e., trilithium citrate tetrahydrate: TCT–Li) in improved significantly stability. A ionized ions) produced Fe(III)-citrate complex chemically reacted with reactive radicals OH·, HO2· O2·−), depressing...

The realization of a parallel-beamforming (pBF) method in ultra-compact ultrasound imaging systems is challenging to achieve uncompromised beamforming accuracy limited hardware and power resources. In this paper, we present new hardware- power-efficient pBF that utilizes shared first-in-first-out block on post-fractional delay filtering architecture (pBF-sFIFO). For an analog-to-digital conversion (ADC) rate given, the proposed pBF-sFIFO yielded comparable by unconstrained (pBF-CON) method,...

Passive acoustic mapping (PAM) is the current state-of-the-art imaging tool for monitoring cavitation activity during focused ultrasound therapy such as blood-brain barrier opening. However, PAM incurs huge computational complexity. To address this issue, frequency-domain (FD-PAM) was proposed. Nevertheless, FD-PAM still requires a large number of fast Fourier transforms (FFTs) to produce frequency components utilized with PAM. Hence, in paper, we proposes domain method using passive Hilbert...

In this study, the chemical decomposition of a polyimide-film (i.e., PI-film)-surface into soft-film-surface containing negatively charged pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and neutral 4,4'-oxydianiline (ODA) was successfully performed. The conducted by designing slurry 350 nm colloidal silica abrasive small molecules with amine functional groups ethylenediamine: EDA) for chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP). This performed through two types hydrolysis reactions, that is, reaction between...

The implementation of dynamic delay calculations (DDCs) is challenging for ultra-compact ultrasound imaging due to the enormous computation and power consumption requirements. Here, we present an efficient pseudo-DDC method based on optimal zone segmentation (PDC-Optimal), which significantly decreases these requirements relative unconstrained DDC method: reductions in flip-flops 84.35% look-up tables 94.19%, respectively. lead up 94.53% lower provide image quality comparable method....

The spatiotemporal accuracy of passive acoustic mapping (PAM) for monitoring in situ cavitation bubbles has not been assessed directly via optical means. Here, the are monitored from two image sequences obtained simultaneously with PAM and high-speed photography (HSP). temporal detecting nucleation spatial resolution localization compared those measured HSP. results show that a 20 μs. Mean differences locations HSP as small 10.0 30.5 μm along lateral axial directions, respectively.

It is important to reduce the hardware complexity of a dynamic receive beamformer for point-of-care ultrasound imaging systems. In this paper, new nonlinear zone-based beamforming (ZBF-NLI) method, which can regulate delay errors throughout depth while reducing complexity, proposed. For quantitative evaluation, normalized pixel intensity error (NPE) and mean square (MSE) were measured from Field-II simulation phantom experiments with allowance 0.25 16-f0 focusing resolution in ZBF-NLI...

High quality ultrasound imaging is required throughout entire depths for abdominal ultrasound. In general, sector scanning with a convex array transducer performed by using focused beam to obtain wide field-of-view. However, the conventional focusing (CF) method suffers from degraded spatial resolution except vicinity of focal depth due diffractive propagation Plane wave synthetic (PWSF) has been initially proposed linear give solution diffraction problem interrogating beam. this paper, our...

A Fenton reaction and a corrosion inhibition strategy were designed for enhancing the polishing rate achieving corrosion-free Ge1Sb4Te5 film surface during chemical-mechanical planarization (CMP) of three-dimensional (3D) cross-point phase-change random-access memory (PCRAM) cells 3D synaptic arrays. The was conducted with 1,3-propylenediamine tetraacetic acid, ferric ammonium salt (PDTA–Fe) H2O2. chemical oxidation degree GeO2, Sb2O3, TeO2 evidently increased PDTA–Fe concentration in CMP...

Design of logic devices has been scaled down up to several nm (i.e., 5, 4, 3, 2, and 1.8 nm). This scale-down accompanied a rapid the Cu-line width, increasing pattern density. The formation essentially requires Cu-film CMP, producing detrimental defects such as dishing, erosion, edge over erosion (E.O.E) after CMP. Particularly, E.O.E intensively depend on density, degrading device operating speed yield. However, have not reported clearly. In this study, unlike conventional CMP slurries,...

As the design rule of logic semiconductors has been scaled down to 5, 3, 2.1, 1.5, and 1.0 nm, line width Cu film used as interconnect lines in also rapidly reduced 36, 32, 24, 20, 16 nm. The CMP (Chemical Mechanical Planarization) these is a crucial fabrication process, posing challenges achieving E.O.E (Edge Over Erosion), well minimizing dishing erosion during films. Specifically, films primarily influenced by diameter morphology colloidal silica abrasives slurry. In conventional...

The nonlinear chirp tissue harmonic imaging (NC) has been proposed in our group for enhancing the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) of and increasing frame rate twice compared to pulse inversion (PI) by using single transmission each scanline. Since it not yet implemented or evaluated, we demonstrated feasibility NC, evaluated its performance, with other methods such as PI without (PIw/oC), linear (PI-LC), (LC). We performed vitro experiments an SC1-6 convex array transducer (Alpinion, Republic...

As the design rule of logic semiconductor has been scaled down toward 5, 3, 2.1, 1.5, and 1.0 nm, line width Cu-film as interconnect rapidly 36, 32, 24, 20 16 nm. The CMP Cu-lines is essential fabrication process, challenging an achievement dishing erosion during CMP. In particular, principally affected by diameter morphology colloidal-silica-abrasives in a slurry. conventional synthesis method colloidal-silica-abrasives, ethoxysilanol was formed via hydrolysis reaction Tetraethyl...