1. Electroretinograms (ERGs) were recorded corneally from C57BL/6J mice using a paired-flash procedure in which brief test flash at time zero was followed tprobe by bright probe of fixed strength, and the response amplitude determined t = + 6 ms. Probe responses obtained series trials analysed to derive A(t), family amplitudes that putatively represents massed rod photoreceptors flash. A central aim obtain mathematical description normalized derived A(t)/Amo as function Itest, strength. 2....

Abstract Changes in the full-field flash and flicker electroretinogram (ERG) that accompany normal aging were evaluated mice. ERGs recorded from a single cohort of C57BL/6J mice 5 to 70 weeks age using conventional techniques. Dark-adapted for luminances − 3.0 1.5 log cd-s-m −2 ; a- b-wave amplitude implicit time (IT) calculated these responses. In addition, light-adapted elicited by sinusoidally modulated light measured temporal frequencies 2 31 Hz. Amplitudes phases extracted responses...

Dickinson, Patsy S., Wesley P. Fairfield, John R. Hetling, and Jane Hauptman. Neurotransmitter interactions in the stomatogastric system of spiny lobster: one peptide alters response a central pattern generator to second peptide. J. Neurophysiol. 77: 599–610, 1997. Two peptides found nervous lobster, Panulirus interruptus, interacted modulate activity cardiac sac motor pattern. In isolated ganglion, red-pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH), but not proctolin, activated bursting inferior...

Current trends in artificial nose research are strongly influenced by knowledge of biological olfactory systems. Insects have evolved over millions years to detect and maneuver toward a food source or mate, away from predators. The insect system is able identify volatiles on time scale that matches their ability maneuver. Here, sense organs, antennae, been exploited hybrid-device biosensor, demonstrating the individual strands odor plume passing sensor sub-second scale. A portable was...

1. The cardiac sac network, which controls the rhythmic contractions of in foregut crustaceans, is distributed throughout stomatogastric nervous system, including oesophageal ganglion (OG), commissural ganglia (CGs), and (STG). A red pigment-concentrating hormone (RPCH)-like peptide likewise widely distributed. 2. effects that bath application neuropeptide RPCH to different has on pattern were studied. 3. applied STG, OG, or CGs elicited bursting activity all known components pattern, two...

The neuropeptide red pigment concentrating hormone (RPCH), which we have previously shown to activate the cardiac sac motor pattern and lead a conjoint gastric mill-cardiac in spiny lobster Panulirus, also activates modulates pyloric pattern. Like activity of mill neurons RPCH, is considerably more complex than that seen control saline. This reflects influence pattern, particularly upstream inferior ventricular (IV) neurons, on many neurons. RPCH intensifies this interaction by increasing...

Three infrared head-controlled mouse emulators (HeadMouse Extreme™, Tracker Pro™ and Inside™) were paired with an augmentative alternative communication (AAC) device (Pathfinder™) tested for speed accuracy in three different light conditions. Eleven participants the systems, entering a list of common statements used by AAC users. The Language Activity Monitor™ (LAM) recorded all selections made. data analyzed error rate selection rate. results revealed that (a) single condition, performed...

1 Electroretinographic (ERG) methods were used to investigate the effects of background illumination on responses mouse rod photoreceptors in vivo. A paired-flash procedure, involving recording and analysis ERG a-wave response a bright probe flash presented after brief test flash, was derive steady light. related, step-plus-probe procedure step rods backgrounds defined strength. 2 Steady light produced maintained derived that graded with Determinations full time course weak-flash light,...

The information derived from the electroretinogram (ERG), especially with regard to local areas of retinal dysfunction or therapeutic rescue, can be enhanced by an increased understanding relationship between current sources and ERG potentials measured at cornea. A critical step in this direction is development a robust bioelectric field model ERG.A finite-element was created simulate cornea resulting physiologically relevant transretinal currents. magnetic resonance image rat eye segmented...

It has been known for several decades that the magnitude of corneal electroretinogram (ERG) varies with position on eye surface, especially in presence focal or asymmetric stimuli retinal lesions. However, this phenomenon not well-characterized using simultaneous measurements at multiple locations cornea. This work provides first characterization spatial differences ERG across rat cornea.A contact lens electrode array was employed to record potentials 25 simultaneously following brief...

purpose. Psychophysical and electroretinographic (ERG) studies indicate that patients with Stargardt disease exhibit abnormally slow rod dark adaptation after illumination bleaches a substantial fraction of rhodopsin. However, relatively little information is available concerning recovery in this weaker adapting (i.e., conditioning) light. With the use paired-flash ERG method, properties derived response to low-bleach (<1%) but rod-saturating conditioning flash were investigated seven normal...

Purpose: Conventional full-field flash electroretinography (ERG) yields a single response waveform that can be useful in the early detection and diagnosis of many diseases affecting retina. It is an objective measurement probes entire However, localized areas dysfunction have relatively small influence on ERG amplitudes compared to normal ranges. Here we evaluate use corneal potential maps obtained stimuli for sensitivity local retinal damage. Methods: A contact lens electrode array was used...

A remaining challenge to the development of electronic prostheses for vision is improving effectiveness retinal stimulation. Electrode design and stimulus parameters need be optimized such that neural output from retina conveys information mind's eye aids patient in interpreting his or her environment. This optimization will require a detailed understanding response electrical The identity characteristics cellular targets stimulation defined evaluated. Described here an vivo preparation...

A comment is made on the definition of neural engineering recently authored by editorial board Journal Neural Engineering.

The use of insect antennae as an odor sensor array was evaluated a means to advance the current capabilities " artificial nose" technology. A given species is highly sensitive odors survival interest (e.g. species-specific pheromones), but also broad range other natural and anthropogenic compounds. sensitivity some extends parts per billion range. In contrast, best nose technology able detect compounds in million Here, system designed utilize four antenna biopotential signals suitable for...

Abstract NOTE: The first page of text has been automatically extracted and included below in lieu an abstract A BioEngineering Summer Day Camp for High-School Science Students Teachers I. Fortunately, as a relative newcomer to undergraduate academic engineering circles, the field Bioengineering yet become particularly prone problems student recruitment. However, at our institution, students are not formerly introduced until sophomore year. Because broad nature Bioengineering, early exposure...