A5018195512- Genetically Modified Organisms Research
- Weed Control and Herbicide Applications
- Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems
- Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Ecology and Vegetation Dynamics Studies
- Plant and animal studies
- Sustainable Agricultural Systems Analysis
- Insect-Plant Interactions and Control
- Agriculture Sustainability and Environmental Impact
- Insect Resistance and Genetics
- Plant Parasitism and Resistance
- Agricultural Innovations and Practices
- Organic Food and Agriculture
- Legume Nitrogen Fixing Symbiosis
- Land Use and Ecosystem Services
- Insect and Pesticide Research
- Soil and Water Nutrient Dynamics
- Plant Pathogens and Resistance
- CRISPR and Genetic Engineering
- Agriculture, Plant Science, Crop Management
- Rice Cultivation and Yield Improvement
- Genetic and Environmental Crop Studies
- Systemic Sclerosis and Related Diseases
- Lymphatic System and Diseases
- Agricultural pest management studies
James Hutton Institute
2014-2023
Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research
2020
Forest Research
2002-2013
Czech Agrifood Research Center
2005-2009
Flinders University
1999-2004
UK Centre for Ecology & Hydrology
2003
Rothamsted Research
2003
Forestry Commission England
1999
The agriculture sector contributes significantly to global carbon emissions from diverse sources such as product and machinery manufacture, transport of materials direct indirect soil greenhouse gas emissions. In this article, we use farm survey data the east Scotland combined with published estimates for individual operations quantify relative contribution a range farming determine footprint different crops (e.g. legumes, winter spring cereals, oilseed rape, potato) practices (conventional,...
Effects of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) and conventional crop management on invertebrate trophic groups (herbivores, detritivores, pollinators, predators parasitoids) were compared in beet, maize spring oilseed rape sites throughout the UK. These influenced by season, species GMHT management. Many increased twofold to fivefold abundance between early late summer, differed up 10-fold species. superimposed relatively small (less than twofold), but consistent, shifts plant...
1 Several genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) crops have cleared most of the regulatory hurdles required for commercial growing in United Kingdom. However, concerns been expressed that their management will negative impacts on farmland biodiversity as a result improved control given by new herbicide regimes arable plants support birds and other species conservation value. 2 The Farm-Scale Evaluations (FSE) project is testing null hypothesis there no difference between GMHT...
Simple indicators of crop and cultivar performance across a range soil types management are needed for designing testing sustainable cropping practices. This paper determined the extent to which chemical physical properties, particularly strength pore-size distribution influences root elongation in wide agricultural top soils, using seedling-based indicator. Intact cores were sampled from topsoil 59 fields Scotland, representing geographic spread, textures Water release characteristics, dry...
Abstract Resilient pollination services depend on sufficient abundance of pollinating insects over time. Currently, however, most knowledge about the status and trends pollinators is based changes in pollinator species richness distribution only. Systematic, long‐term monitoring urgently needed to provide baseline information their status, identify drivers declines inform suitable response measures. Power analysis was used determine number sites required detect a 30% change populations 10...
Abstract Ecological intensification (EI) is the enhancement of ecosystem services to complement or substitute for role anthropogenic inputs in maintaining increasing yields. EI has potential increase farming’s environmental sustainability, e.g. reducing environmentally harmful management activities while sustaining based upon ecological processes which turn are influenced by biodiversity. We review how biodiversity, particularly vascular plant diversity, can regulate relevant at multiple...
We compared the seedbanks, seed rains, plant densities and biomasses of weeds under two contrasting systems management in beet, maize spring oilseed rape. Weed seedbank density were measured at same locations subsequent seasons. About 60 fields sown with each crop. Each field was split, one half being a conventional variety managed according to farmer's normal practice, other genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) variety, controlled by broad-spectrum herbicide. In beet rape, shortly...
The effects of the management genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) crops on abundances aerial and epigeal arthropods were assessed in 66 beet, 68 maize 67 spring oilseed rape sites as part Farm Scale Evaluations GMHT crops. Most higher taxa insensitive to differences between conventional weed management, but significant found abundance at least one group within each taxon studied. Numbers butterflies beet Heteroptera bees smaller under relevant crop whereas Collembola was...
1 The effects on British farmland wildlife of the management four genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops are currently being studied in a 5-year trial termed Farm-Scale Evaluations (FSE), first 4 years which completed. FSE is controversial and extensive. There has been intense scrutiny experimental design proposed analysis, estimated statistical power to detect given magnitude, should any exist. 2 For each crop, form on-farm with single composite null hypothesis simple randomized...
The effects of herbicide management genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) beet, maize and spring oilseed rape on the abundance diversity soil-surface-active invertebrates were assessed. Most did not differ between years, environmental zones or initial seedbanks sugar fodder beet. This suggests that results may be treated as generally applicable to agricultural situations throughout UK for these crops. direction was evenly balanced increases decreases in counts GMHT compared with...
Farmland biodiversity and food webs were compared in conventional genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) crops of beet (Beta vulgaris L.), maize (Zea mays L.) both spring winter oilseed rape (Brassica napus L.). GMHT varieties sown a split-field experimental design, at 60-70 sites for each crop, spread over three starting years beginning 2000. This paper provides background to the study rationale its design interpretation. It shows how data on environment, field management biota are...
The Farm Scale Evaluations of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant crops (GMHT) were conducted in the UK from 2000 to 2002 on beet (sugar and fodder), spring oilseed rape forage maize. management studied is described compared with current conventional commercial practice. distribution field sites adequately represented areas currently growing these crops, sample contained operated at a range intensities, including low intensity. Herbicide inputs audited, active ingredients used rates...
The effects of management genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) crops on adjacent field margins were assessed for 59 maize, 66 beet and 67 spring oilseed rape sites. Fields split into halves, one being sown with a GMHT crop the other equivalent conventional non-GMHT crop. Margin vegetation was recorded in three components margins. Most differences tilled area, fewer smaller mirroring them verge boundary. In fields, cover, flowering seeding plants 25%, 44% 39% lower, respectively,...
We evaluated the effects of herbicide management associated with genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) winter oilseed rape (WOSR) on weed and invertebrate abundance diversity by testing null hypothesis that there is no difference between GMHT WOSR comparable conventional varieties. For total weeds were few treatment differences cropping, but large opposite observed for dicots monocots. In treatment, fewer more monocots than in crops. At harvest, dicot biomass seed rain one-third...
Summary The loss of farmland biodiversity threatens the sustainability ecosystem services delivered within agricultural landscapes. functional trait approach has been successfully used in grassland systems to quantify trade‐offs and synergies between directly by plant communities. Many arable landscapes, however, depend on invertebrate consumers, application trait‐based these depends quantifying relationships trophic levels. Two data sets communities from a range annual crops uncropped land...
B ohan DA, P owers SJ, C hampion G, H aughton AJ, awes C, S quire ussans J & M ertens SK (2011). Modelling rotations: can crop sequences explain arable weed seedbank abundance? Weed Research 51 , 422–432. Summary We investigated the effects of on monocotyledon, dicotyledon and total abundance. Using data sampled from conventionally cropped part GB farm‐scale evaluations genetically modified, herbicide‐tolerant (GMHT) crops, we asked whether it is possible to identify sequence effects,...
Abstract Purpose (1) To assess the biological N fixation (BNF) potential of varieties faba bean ( Vicia L.) cropped with or without compost in an experimental field-scale rotation no recent history legumes, (2) to enumerate soil populations Rhizobium leguminosarum sv. viciae Rlv ), and genetically characterize nodulating strains, (3) compare BNF other sites Britain. Methods was evaluated from 2012 2015 using 15 natural abundance. Treatments were either PK fertilizer compost. Soil rhizobial...
Co-cropping, the cultivation of two or more crops simultaneously on same field, is a nature-based solution that has high potential to improve climate change adaptation and mitigation in arable systems. The short-term benefits co-cropping, such as higher yields, better productivity, improved soil carbon enhanced water uptake, are well-established temperate regions, but evidence still generally lacking for humid environments. In addition, interlinkages between dynamics co-cropping longer-term...
We compared the effects of management genetically modified herbicide–tolerant (GMHT) and conventional beet, maize spring oilseed rape on 12 weed species. sampled seedbank before after cropping. During season we counted plants measured seed rain biomass. Ratios densities were used to calculate emergence, survival, reproduction change. Treatments significantly affected biomass six species in eight five rape. The generally consistent, with lower GMHT beet higher maize. With few exceptions,...
Summary There is increasing evidence that many above‐ground and below‐ground processes are tightly linked through plant‐mediated mechanisms, including indirect interactions between foliar root herbivores underpinned by changes in host plant chemistry (e.g. defensive or nutritional status). To date, studies addressing involving mechanisms have relied on rudimentary chemical measurements total/soluble nitrogen), overlooking other nutrients such as minerals specific amino acids. This study...