Organisms process sensory information in the context of their own moving bodies, an idea referred to as embodiment. This is important for developmental neuroscience, robotics and systems neuroscience. The mechanisms supporting embodiment are unknown, but a manifestation could be observation mice brain-wide neuromodulation, including primary visual cortex, driven by task-irrelevant spontaneous body movements. We tested this hypothesis macaque monkeys (Macaca mulatta), primate model human...

In the macaque extrastriate cortex, robust correlations between perceptual choice and neuronal response have been demonstrated, frequently quantified as probabilities (CPs). Such are modest in early visual suggesting that CPs may depend on position of a neuron hierarchy processing. However, previous studies not compared neurons with similar precision equivalent tasks. We investigated role cortical CP using task for which significant described previously middle temporal area (MT). measured...

A characteristic feature in the primary visual cortex is that responses are suppressed as a stimulus extends beyond classical receptive field. Here, we examined role of inhibitory neurons expressing somatostatin (SOM⁺) or parvalbumin (PV⁺) on surround suppression and preferred field size. We recorded multichannel extracellular activity V1 transgenic mice channelrhodopsin SOM⁺ PV⁺ neurons. Preferred size were measured using drifting square-wave gratings varying radii at two contrasts....

Many studies have reported correlations between the activity of sensory neurons and animals' judgments in discrimination tasks. Here, we suggest that such neuron-behavior may require a cortical map for task relevant features. This would explain why using tasks based on disparity area V1 not found these correlations: contains no disparity. scheme predicts correlates with decisions an orientation-discrimination task. To test this prediction, trained two macaque monkeys coarse orientation...

Saccades are ballistic eye movements that rapidly shift gaze from one location of visual space to another. Detecting saccades in movement recordings is important not only for studying the neural mechanisms underlying sensory, motor, and cognitive processes, but also as a clinical diagnostic tool. However, automatically detecting can be difficult, particularly when such generated coordination with other tracking movements, like smooth pursuits, or saccade amplitude close tracker noise levels,...

Serotonin, an important neuromodulator in the brain, is implicated affective and cognitive functions. However, its role even for basic cortical processes controversial. For example, mammalian primary visual cortex (V1), heterogenous serotonergic modulation has been observed anesthetized animals. Here, we combined extracellular single-unit recordings with iontophoresis awake We examined of serotonin on well-defined tuning properties (orientation, spatial frequency, contrast, size) V1 two male...

Disparity selectivity in the striate cortex has generally been studied with uniform disparity fields covering receptive field (RF). In four awake behaving monkeys, we quantitatively characterized spatial three-dimensional structure of 55 V1 RFs using random dot stereograms which varied as a sinusoidal function vertical position ("corrugations"). At low frequencies, this produced modulation neuronal firing at temporal frequency stimulus. As increased, reduced. The mean response rate changed...

Humans can visually estimate the mechanical properties of deformable objects (e.g., cloth stiffness). While much recent work on material perception has focused static image cues textures and shape), little is known about whether humans integrate information over time to make a judgment. Here we investigated effect spatiotemporal across multiple frames (multiframe motion) estimating bending stiffness cloth. Using high-fidelity animations, first examined how perceived changed as function...

During perceptual decisions the activity of sensory neurons covaries with choice, a covariation often quantified as "choice-probability". Moreover, choices are influenced by subject's previous choice (serial dependence) and neuronal shows temporal correlations on long (seconds) timescales. Here, we test whether these findings linked. Using generalized linear models, analyze simultaneous measurements behavior V2 neural in macaques performing visual discrimination task. Both, spiking show...

Abstract Feedback in the brain is thought to convey contextual information that underlies our flexibility perform different tasks. Empirical and computational work on visual system suggests this achieved by targeting task-relevant neuronal subpopulations. We combine two tasks, each resulting selective modulation feedback, test whether feedback reflected combination of both selectivities. used feature-discrimination specified at one possible locations uncoupled decision formation from motor...

The human ability to detect modulation of binocular disparity over time is poor compared with detection luminance modulation. We examined the physiological origin this limitation by analyzing neuronal responses temporal in striate cortex awake monkeys. When neurons were presented random-dot stereograms which varied sinusoidally time, their modulated at stimulus frequency, little change mean firing rate. calculated amplitude as a function frequency and psychophysical performance four...

Abstract Organisms process sensory information in the context of their own moving bodies, an idea referred to as embodiment. This is important for developmental neuroscience, and increasingly plays a role robotics systems neuroscience. The mechanisms that support such embodiment are unknown, but manifestation could be observation mice brain-wide neuromodulation, including primary visual cortex, driven by task-irrelevant spontaneous body movements. Here we tested this hypothesis macaque...

During perceptual decisions, subjects often rely more strongly on early, rather than late, sensory evidence, even in tasks when both are equally informative about the correct decision. This early psychophysical weighting has been explained by an integration-to-bound decision process, which stimulus is ignored after accumulated evidence reaches a certain bound, or confidence level. Here, we derive predictions how average temporal of depends subject's this model. To test these empirically,...

Fine judgments of stereoscopic depth rely mainly on relative (relative binocular disparity) between objects, rather than the distance to where eyes are fixating (absolute disparity). In macaques, visual area V2 is earliest site in processing hierarchy for which neurons selective disparity have been observed (Thomas et al., 2002). Here, we found that, macaques trained perform a fine discrimination task, disparity-selective were highly and their activity correlated with animals' perceptual...

Cloth is a common material, and humans can visually estimate its mechanical properties by observing how it deforms under external forces. Here, we ask whether dynamic deformation affect the perception of cloth. In Experiment 1, find that both intrinsic optical stiffness when stimuli are presented as images. By contrast, in videos, partially discount effect appearances exhibit higher sensitivity to stiffness. We further identified an idiosyncratic pattern (i.e., movement uniformity)...

Saccades are ballistic eye movements that rapidly shift gaze from one location of visual space to another. Detecting saccades in movement recordings is important not only for studying the neural mechanisms underlying sensory, motor, and cognitive processes, but also as a clinical diagnostic tool. However, automatically detecting can be difficult, particularly when such generated coordination with other tracking movements, like smooth pursuits, or saccade amplitude close tracker noise levels,...