Untethered robotic microswimmers are very promising to significantly improve various types of minimally invasive surgeries by offering high accuracy at extremely small scales. A prime example is drug delivery, for which a large number required deliver sufficient dosages target sites. For this reason, the controllability groups essential. In paper, we demonstrate simultaneous control multiple geometrically similar but magnetically different using single global rotating magnetic field. By...

Controllable propulsion of microscale and nanoscale devices enhanced with additional functionality would enable the realization miniaturized robotic swimmers applicable to transport assembly, actuators, drug delivery systems. Following biological examples, existing magnetically actuated microswimmers have been designed use flexibility or chirality, presenting fabrication challenges. Here we show that, contrary biomimetic expectations, geometries neither nor chirality can produce propulsion,...

Wirelessly controlled nanoscale robots have the potential to be used for both in vitro and vivo biomedical applications. So far, vast majority of reported micro- swimmers taken approach mimicking rotary motion helical bacterial flagella propulsion, are often composed monolithic inorganic materials or photoactive polymers. However, currently no man-made soft nanohelix has ability rapidly reconfigure its geometry response multiple forms environmental stimuli, which enhance motility tortuous...

A biomimetic, microscale system using the mechanics of swimming bacteria has been fabricated and controlled in a low Reynolds number fluidic environment. The microswimmer consists polystyrene microbead conjugated to magnetic nanoparticle via flagellar filament avidin-biotin linkages. filaments were isolated from bacterium, Salmonella typhimurium. Propulsion energy was supplied by an external rotating field designed approximate Helmholtz configuration. Further, finite element analysis...

We induce artificial magnetotaxis in Tetrahymena pyriformis, a eukaryotic ciliate, using ferro-magnetic nanoparticles and an external time-varying magnetic field. Magnetizing internalized iron oxide particles (magnetite), allows control of the swimming direction individual cell two sets electromagnets. Real-time feedback was performed with vision tracking system, which demonstrated controllability single cell. Since endogenous motility is combined one system magnetotaxis, motion artificially...

Abstract Magnetic micro/nanorobots attracted much attention in biomedical fields because of their precise movement, manipulation, and targeting abilities. However, there is a lack research on intelligent with stimuli-responsive drug delivery mechanisms for cancer therapy. To address this issue, we developed type strong covalently bound tri-bead microrobots NIR photothermal response azobenzene molecules attached to carboxylic surface groups. The are magnetic showed good cytocompatibility even...

Biohybrid micro/nanorobots have demonstrated improved therapeutic outcomes for targeting and treating diseases in preclinical trials. However, vivo applications remain challenging due to a lack of sufficient targeting. Based on evidence that immune cells play role the modulation tumor microenvironment, we developed M1 macrophage membrane-coated magnetic photothermal nanocomplexes (MPN) photoacoustic (PA) imaging-guided therapy. The MPN were able inherit protein from original exert targeted...

To realize the potential to use micro/nanorobots for targeted cancer therapy, it is important improve their biocompatibility and targeting ability. Here, we report on drug-loaded magnetic microrobots capable of polarizing macrophages into antitumor phenotype target inhibit cells.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is a highly invasive and fatal brain tumor with grim prognosis, where current treatment modalities, including postoperative radiotherapy temozolomide chemotherapy, yield median survival of only 15 months. The challenges heterogeneity, drug resistance, the blood–brain barrier necessitate innovative therapeutic approaches. This study introduces strategy employing biomimetic magnetic nanorobots encapsulated hybrid membranes derived from platelets M1 macrophages to...

Abstract Planar magnetic microswimmers offer substantial potential for in vivo biomedical applications, owing to their efficient mass production via photolithography. In this study, we demonstrate the effective control of these using an open-loop approach environments with minimal external disturbances. We investigate surface motion characteristics through both theoretical modeling and experimental testing under varying field strengths rotation frequencies, identifying regions stable...

Abstract The realization of reconfigurable modular microrobots could aid drug delivery and microsurgery by allowing a single system to navigate diverse environments perform multiple tasks. So far, microrobotic systems are limited insufficient versatility; for instance, helical shapes commonly used magnetic swimmers cannot effectively assemble disassemble into different size shapes. Here using microswimmers with simple geometries constructed spherical particles, we show how...

Environmental contamination by organic pollutants has become a pressing concern. In this study, metal-organic framework composites with core-shell structure of MIL-100 wrapped around ZIF-8 (ZIF-MIL hybrids) were synthesized and characterized for their effectiveness to remove pollutants. First, sequence routine characterizations will examine the ZIF-MIL series samples' physicochemical properties morphological characteristics. Then, adsorption capacities towards pollutants, including cationic...

Cell delivery using magnetic microswimmers is a promising tool for targeted therapy. However, it remains challenging to rapidly and uniformly manufacture cell-loaded that can be assembled into cell-supporting structures at diseased sites. Here, rapid uniform manufacturable 2D achiral with pores were fabricated deliver bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) regenerate articular-damaged cartilage. Under actuation fields, the BMSC-loaded take advantage of structure exhibit rolling or...

Advances in microrobotics for biological applications are often limited due to their complex manufacturing processes, which utilize cytotoxic materials, as well limitations the ability manipulate these small devices wirelessly. In an effort overcome challenges, we investigated a facile method generating biocompatible hydrogel based robots that capable of being manipulated using externally generated magnetic field. Here, experimentally demonstrate fabrication and autonomous control...

The development of miniaturized robotic swimmers is hindered by technical limitations in micro- and nanofabrication. To circumvent these limitations, we investigated the minimal geometrical requirements for swimming low Reynolds number. Micro- nanofabrication complex shapes, such as helices, on a massive scale requires sophisticated state art technologies has size limitations. In contrast, simple shaped structures, spherical particles, can be fabricated massively using chemical synthesis...

We propose a novel iterative-optimization-inspired direct targeting strategy (DTS) for smart nanosystems, which harness swarms of externally manipulable nanoswimmers assembled by magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) knowledge-aided tumor sensitization and targeting. aim to demonstrate through computational experiments that the proposed DTS can significantly enhance accumulation MNPs in site, serve as contrast agent various medical imaging modalities, using shortest possible physiological routes...

Abstract Magnetic achiral planar microswimmers can be massively fabricated at low cost and are envisioned to useful for in vivo biomedical applications. To understand locomotion representative environments, we investigated the swimming performance of methylcellulose solutions. We observed that these displayed very similar characteristics solutions as water. Furthermore, this study indicated range precession angles increased concentration MC solution increased. Last, it was demonstrated with...

Abstract The bottom‐up assembly of premagnetized microgels offers remarkable flexibility in programmability, material selection, and complexity for fabricating programmable magnetic soft machines with discrete 3D magnetization profiles. However, the current microgel bonding encounters challenges due to utilization adhesives attachment, biocompatibility vivo applications, need elevated temperature self‐healing materials. Here, an approach is presented that leverages N‐hydroxysuccinimide...

With the development of nanotechnology, externally manipulable or self-regulatable smart nanosystems can be utilized as effective tools for computational nanobiosensing, where natural computing strategies are exploited knowledge-aided nanobiosensing.

In this article, a porous hollow biotemplated nanoscale helix that can serve as low Reynolds number robotic swimmer is reported. The nanorobot utilizes repolymerized bacterial flagella from Salmonella typhimurium nanotemplate for biomineralization. We demonstrate the ability to generate templated nanotubes with distinct helical geometries by using specific alkaline pH values fix polymorphic form of flagellar templates. Using uniform rotating magnetic fields mimic motion motor, we explore...