Previous work at this hospital and elsewhere has shown that anaemia in toddlers is common associated with psychomotor delay. It seemed unclear, however, whether association was cause effect or merely due to the same underprivileged environment. A double blind randomised intervention study was, therefore, performed. After an initial assessment 97 children (haemoglobin 8-11 g/dl) aged 17-19 months received either iron vitamin C only (control group) for two were then reassessed. The who had...

This study examined the faecal flora on days 4, 14, and 28 of 17 breast fed babies 26 bottle receiving a modern infant formula based demineralized whey. Generally among bifidobacteria staphylococci were predominant organisms, whereas in organisms enterococci, coliforms, clostridia. Despite extensive modification cows9 milk to make an resemble human milk, results are very similar those previously reported with unmodified baby feeds. The exact dietary factor responsible for these...

God cast down on them great tribulation, famine, and pesti lence: the people perished. So Hesiod (c. 700 B.c.) described association between famine pestilence, they have been firmly coupled in men's minds at least since that time. McCance (1951) has reviewed historical association. Children with kwashiorkor or nutritional marasmus often acute bacterial infections. This established mainly by post-mortem surveys. Campbell (1956) found necropsy microscopical evidence of pyaemic abscesses...

One hundred and forty five Asian children born at Sorrento Maternity Hospital, Birmingham, were reviewed the age of 22 months. A significant association iron deficiency poor vitamin D state was found. Two fifths anaemic, two had a low plasma concentration D, one fifth both features. This more than simple overlap deficiencies; with concentrations significantly lower haemoglobin serum iron. On other hand, deficiencies not merely individual features generally nutrition; growth measures protein...

Unselective dietary protein energy supplementation of Asian mothers at Sorrento Maternity Hospital did not enhance intrauterine growth. The effect selective was therefore studied. Forty-five who 28 weeks were known to be nutritionally risk (triceps increment less than or equal 20 microns/week between 18 and weeks) received one three supplements during the third trimester: (a) vitamins only--a multivitamin sachet daily containing A, B, C, D; (b) energy--42-125 MJ (10 000-30 000 kcal), all...

1. Metabolic changes associated with Ramadan fasting were studied in eleven Asian pregnant mothers. This was compared a group of control mothers undergoing normal physiological fast. 2. At the end fast day there significant fall glucose, insulin, lactate and carnitine, rise triglyceride, non-esterified fatty acid 3-hydroxybutyrate. When group, none had completely set biochemical values at day. 3. Pregnancy outcome two groups comparable. 4. We are wary metabolic departures from observed If...

The intestinal flora of breast-fed infants differs from that formula-fed infants. It is thought this difference in may be one important reason why babies suffer less gastrointestinal disease. Differences are reflected the profile faecal short chain fatty acids (SCFA). Very little known about concentrations SCFA fed breast milk or infant formula. In study, were measured at two and four weeks age who had been either exclusively bottle birth. There was no significant total between when lactate...

Dietary taurine intake may explain the benefits of both breast milk and preterm formula to neurodevelopment. Low plasma neonatal was associated with lower scores on Bayley mental development index at 18 months WISC-R arithmetic subtest 7 years. Currently it is not mandatory add infant formulas.

The faecal flora of breast fed babies differs from that bottle babies. We have shown the use a whey predominant formula rather than casein one induced generally closer to but substantial differences remained. proteins milk include much more lactoferrin is found in cows9 milk. Observations both animals and vitro suggest could be responsible for some these between This study was designed determine effects on addition bovine diet while holding other qualities their constant. As an iron binding...

One hundred and forty nine Asian children who received BCG vaccine shortly after birth were reviewed at the age of 22 months. Many them had an apparently inadequate response to vaccine. A quarter no scar, half with a scar negative 10 TU (Mantoux 1/1000) these showed only limited lymphocyte transformation in vitro tuberculin. Various measurements health months suggested Mantoux less privileged than positive ones, but differences not striking most significant. It seemed more likely that high...

At Sorrento Maternity Hospital Asian mothers whose babies had grown poorly in utero anthropometric and biochemical evidence suggesting an inadequate nutritional state. To test this hypothesis further the effect of unselective dietary protein energy supplementation was studied. A total 153 received one three supplements from 18th to 38th weeks pregnancy: (a) vitamins only--vitamin C 30 mg daily, iron 3 daily; (b) energy--42-80 MJ; (10 000-19 000 kcal)/trimester, all carbohydrate, plus...

Patterns of glycine and taurine conjugation bile acids in duodenal juice have been studied 20 low birth weight babies at 12 22 days age. They were fed from on one three feeds containing different amounts its precursors, cysteine methionone. Taurine predominated those human milk throughout the first weeks life. In SMA or S26 infant feeding formulae, both which contain very little taurine, concentrations conjugates found to exceed by 12th day. The glycine-taurine conjugate ratios previously...

Diarrhoea was a common problem in the kwashiorkor seen Kampala, contributing to mortality and delay recovery. Enteric infection found only few children (8%), but when present it caused particularly severe diarrhoea frequently complicated by septicaemia.Sugar intolerance often occurred lactose other sugars, both monosaccharide disaccharide. The were most commonly intolerant of lactose, some these may have had hereditary lactase deficiency.Antibiotics are rarely indicated for treatment...

Breast milk contains nucleotide salts that are only present in minimal amounts modern infant formulas prepared from cows9 milk. Nucleotides have been suggested as cofactors for the growth of bifidobacteria vitro. Bifidobacteria found to be more numerous faeces breast fed babies compared with those formula babies. Faecal flora were examined at 2 weeks age 32 who birth had a whey based supplemented monophosphate salts, 33 an unsupplemented formula, and 21 also 4 weeks, 7 but fewer each group....

The birth weights of 13,351 babies born at full term from 1964-84 to Asian Moslem mothers in Birmingham were analysed see if the effect Ramadan fast on maternal biochemical profiles was any clinical relevance. These compared with two age matched control groups comprising white and non-Moslem babies. had no mean weight whatever stage pregnancy it occurred. There an increase prevalence low (4.5% 8%) among who when occurred during second trimester, but this not significant. We conclude that has term.

Despite the extensive modifications of cows9 milk to make an infant formula resemble human breast milk, we showed in a previous study that faecal flora fed babies still differs substantially from babies. This paper describes effects differences distribution whey proteins and caseins exert on flora. Faecal was examined 33 receiving formula, 29 casein 38 Subsequently fewer each group were studied at weeks 7, 11, 15. More colonised with bifidobacteria 14 days compared group, more bacteroides...

Plasma concentrations of transferrin and iron were measured in the cord blood babies varying gestational age birthweight. Tranferrin rose with age; values light-for-dates did not differ from those appropriate weight. In last trimester pregnancy plasma fetus are affected by maturity but independent nutritional status fetus. The low levels, particularly preterm babies, may caution use especially parenteral route neonatal period, we wary abandoning on this evidence alone well tried clinical...

The faecal flora of a baby receiving modern infant formula is substantially different from that breast fed baby. This difference little less when whey based formulas are used. addition bovine lactoferrin has no effect and there some evidence the presence added iron in moved further away content currently used much higher than milk. to both casein on was examined detail. Faecal were at 14 days age 33 babies fortified with iron, 29 without 24 iron. Subsequently fewer each group week 7, 11, 15....