This study explores the necessity of introducing a competency-based teacher promotion and appointment system to address limitations current system. The existing has primarily been revised through adjustments evaluation components modifications subcategories. However, such changes have insufficient in resolving conflicts among stakeholders. To this issue, analyzes evolution principal leadership system, proposing employed public sector as an alternative. examines changing roles principals...

Biologic augmentation for rotator cuff repair is a challenging treatment in patients with chronic large, massive, and irreparable injuries. Particularly, the use of an extracellular matrix (ECM) patch such as dermal tissue offered improved biomechanical properties previous studies. Cytokines induce cell chemotaxis, proliferation, synthesis, differentiation. Moreover, osteoinductive growth factors bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) affect formation new fibrocartilage lesions. However,...

A novel avian paramyxovirus (APMV), Cheonsu1510, was isolated from wild bird feces in South Korea and serologically genetically characterized. In hemagglutination inhibition tests, antiserum against Cheonsu1510 showed low reactivity with other APMVs vice versa. The complete genome of comprised 15,408 nucleotides, contained six open reading frames (3'-N-P-M-F-HN-L-5'), sequence identity to (< 63%) a unique genomic composition. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that related but distinct APMV-1,...

Blastocystis is a genus of parasitic protozoans that live in humans, mammals, and birds which has been widely studied due to its low host specificity. Limited data are available, however, regarding presence wildlife, particularly South Korea. Contact between wild boars (Sus scrofa) livestock or humans steadily increased as venture down from the mountains farms residential areas. In this study, we examined status subtypes (STs) Korea confirmed zoonotic potential. From March 2016 November...

Pseudogymnoascus is a psychrophilic fungus, which genus widely distributed in cold regions around the world. Recently, presence of destructans (Pd), causative agent white-nose syndrome (WNS) belonging to Pseudogymnoascus, has been reported neighboring countries Korea. However, no investigation on Pd In this study, cave-inhabiting bats and their habitats were investigated terms diversity cave fungi, we tried confirm Pd. Three caves suspected hosting selected, 83 environmental 53 bat samples...

We report the identification of a novel reassortant clade 2.3.4.4 H5N8 virus from dead grey heron in Korea 2017. Outbreaks H5 HPAIVs have been reported worldwide, and they evolved into multiple genotypes among wild birds. Phylogenetic analysis indicated that this likely originated Qinghai Lake Western Siberia further through reassortment with Eurasian LPAI during 2016 fall migration Enhanced surveillance comparative genetic will help to monitor evolution dissemination HPAIVs.

On November 20, 2016 two novel strains of H5N6 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus (HPAIVs) were isolated from three whooper swans (Cygnus cygnus) at Gangjin Bay in South Jeolla province, Korea. Identification HPAIVs wild birds is significant as there a potential risk transmission these viruses to poultry and humans.Phylogenetic analysis revealed that classified into Asian H5 clade 2.3.4.4 lineage distinguishable H5N8 H5N1 previously With the exception polymerase acidic (PA) gene, most...

An outbreak of botulism occurred over a two-month period beginning July 20, 2016. In all, 697 wild birds were found paralyzed or dead at the Namdong reservoir and 11 Gong-gu. Using mouse bioassay, type C botulinum toxin was identified in bird serum, liquid cultures soil samples, maggot extracts. To minimize further infection birds, we opened floodgates adjacent to Yellow Sea; this decreased water temperature nutrient load such as nitrogen phosphorus. The stopped shortly after taking these...

Wild aquatic birds, a natural reservoir of avian influenza viruses (AIVs), transmit AIVs to poultry farms, causing huge economic losses. Therefore, the prevalence and genetic characteristics isolated from wild birds in South Korea October 2019 March 2020 were investigated analyzed. Fresh fecal samples (3256) collected by active monitoring 11 bird habitats. Twenty-eight isolated. Seven HA eight NA subtypes identified. All AIV hosts Anseriformes species. The cleavage site 20 representative was...

Bats have been widely known as natural reservoir hosts of zoonotic diseases, such severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East (MERS) caused by coronaviruses (CoVs). In the present study, we investigated whole genomic sequence a SARS-like bat CoV (16BO133) found it to be 29,075 nt in length with 40.9% G+C content. Phylogenetic analysis using amino acid sequences ORF 1ab spike gene showed that coronavirus strain 16BO133 was grouped Beta-CoV lineage B closely related JTMC15...

Adenovirus has been detected in a wide range of hosts like dogs, foxes, horses, bats, avian animals, and raccoon dogs. Canine adenoviruses with two serotypes host mammals are members the mastadenovirus family. adenovirus type 1 (CAdV-1) canine 2 (CAdV-2) cause infectious hepatitis bronchial disease, respectively. In this study, we investigated prevalence CAdV-1 wild Nyctereutes procyonoides Korea 2017-2020 from 414 tissue samples, including liver, kidney, lung, intestine, collected 105 dog...

Canine parvovirus (CPV) was detected in three of 136 samples from dead raccoon dogs ( Nyctereutes procyonoides) the Republic Korea (South Korea) during 2016-17. By sequence and phylogenetic analysis complete VP2 gene, strain belonged to CPV-2 would be distinct previous reported CPV-2a CPV-2b strains Korean domestic Canis lupus familiaris). The results indicated that CPV might not circulated between wild carnivores Korea.

Feline calicivirus (FCV) is a common cause of upper respiratory tract disease in cats. In this study, the complete genome sequence FCV 14Q315, which was detected from dead domestic cat with hemorrhagic-like disease, analyzed to identify genetic characteristics. The 14Q315 7,684 bp. Phylogenetic analyses based on ORF1, ORF2, and ORF3 sequences indicated that more closely related 15D022 than other strains. ORF1 shared high similarity FCVs UTCVM-H1. We further evaluated recombination intergenic...

Neurological diseases in cattle can be caused by several infectious agents. Astroviruses are increasingly recognized as the causative agent of encephalitis various animals, including humans. In this study, a neuroinvasive astrovirus (BoAstV 20B05) was discovered brain tissues an 81-month-old Korean native with neurological symptoms. Lymphocyte infiltration and multifocal perivascular cuffing were observed cerebrum stem, viral antigens also detected meninges. particular, concentration...

Objectives: This was study about identifying fine seed herbs that are highly mixed together: Celosiae Semen, Celoisae Cristatae Cuscutae Perillae Semen. Methods: In non-distinctive through sensory test, we can find accurate discriminative points by using a stereoscope. As result, new key completed. Results: We identified comparison of which up in distribution. the case Semen and is bigger more glossy especially have sunk umbilicus. discriminated characteristic morado netting surface...

The emergence and evolution of avian influenza A viruses (AIVs) pose significant challenges to both public health animal husbandry worldwide. Here, we characterized a novel reassortant highly pathogenic virus (HPAIV), clade 2.3.4.4b H5N6, that was isolated from mandarin duck in South Korea December 2023. Phylogenetic molecular analyses show the hemagglutinin (HA) gene 23‐JBN‐F12‐36/H5N6 clustered with HPAIV H5N1 viruses, which were circulating Japan 2022–2023. M polymerase acidic (PA) genes...

Background: To determine the prognostic value of initial APACHE II score in ED compared with classic ICU and to check usefulness MEDS together for more rapid risk stratification septic patients admitted via ED. Methods: We prospectively checked ini tial scores all who had systemic inflammatory response syndrome after admission ICU, as well 6 months later. enrolled only sepsis cases final diagnosis reviewing medical records. evaluated predictive abilities score. Results: During months, 58...

목적: 이 연구는 2022개정 체육과 교육과정에 제시된 생태형 스포츠로서 골프형 게임과 플로깅의 체육교육적용 가능성을 탐색하기 위하여 수행되었다.BR방법: 연구방법은 교육비평의 연구방법 순서에 따라 자료수집은 문헌고찰, 수업 및 연구일지, 전문가협의가 수행되었으며 자료분석은 문헌지도 분석, 지식구조 사례분석이 활용되었다. 연구의 진실성 확보를 위해서는 삼각검증과 구성원 검토가 이루어졌다.BR결과: 연구결과 첫째, 교육과정은 생태교육의 중요성이 강조되었으며 이는 생태전환교육과 인류생존의 요구에 의한 것이었다. 둘째, 생태학적 관점의 체육교육 연구들은 체육교육의 적용 방향과 방안을 제시하고 있으며 체육수업에 적용하기 위한 실제적 연구가 필요한 시점이다. 셋째, 스내그 골프와 지식구조를 제시하였다. 넷째, 플로깅은 초등학교 적용이 가능하다.BR결론: 연구를 통하여 스포츠의 시사점을 도출할 수 있었다. 체육과는 스포츠에 대한 논의를 바탕으로 미래교육에 있어 더 많은 교육적 역할...

H7 low pathogenic avian influenza viruses (LPAIVs) can mutate into highly (HPAIVs). In addition to species, (AIVs) also infect humans. this study, two AIVs, H7N9 (20X-20) and H7N7 (34X-2), isolated from the feces of wild birds in South Korea 2021, were genetically analyzed. The HA cleavage site Korean was confirmed be ELPKGR/GLF, indicating they are LPAIVs. There no amino acid substitutions at receptor-binding gene compared that A/Anhui/1/2013 (H7N9), which prefer human receptors....