The degree of specificity in host-parasite interactions has important implications for ecology and evolution. Unfortunately, can be difficult to determine when parasites cannot cultured. In such cases, studies often use isolates unknown genetic composition, which may lead an underestimation specificity. We obtained the first clones unculturable bacterium Pasteuria ramosa, a parasite Daphnia magna. Clonal genotypes exhibited much more specific with host than previous using isolates. Clones P....

The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is an important agricultural pest with global distribution. This phloem-sap feeder harbors a primary symbiont, "Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum", which compensates for the deficient nutritional composition of its food sources, and variety secondary symbionts. Interestingly, all these symbionts are found in co-localization symbiont within same bacteriocytes, should favor evolution strong interactions between symbionts.In this paper, we analyzed genome sequences...

Multiple infections of a host by different strains the same microparasite are common in nature. Although numerous models have been developed an attempt to predict evolutionary effects intrahost competition, tests assumptions these rare and outcome is diverse. In present study we examined mixed-isolate individual hosts, using single clone waterflea Daphnia magna three isolates its semelparous endoparasite Pasteuria ramosa. We exposed single- infection treatments, both simultaneously...

Regulation of microbial population density is a necessity in stable symbiotic interactions. In Wolbachia symbiosis, both bacterial and host genotypes are involved regulation, but environmental factors may also affect density. Here, we studied the interaction between three strains two divergent homozygous lines wasp Leptopilina heterotoma at different temperatures. varied only one temperature. Moreover, this temperature, reciprocal-cross F1 insects displayed identical densities, which were...

ABSTRACT The genome of “ Candidatus Portiera aleyrodidarum,” the primary endosymbiont whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Mediterranean species), is reported. It presents a reduced (357 kb) encoding capability to synthetize, or participate in synthesis of, several amino acids and carotenoids, being first insect capable supplying carotenoids.

Maternally inherited bacterial symbionts infecting arthropods have major implications on host ecology and evolution. Among them, the genus Arsenophonus is particularly characterized by a large spectrum wide range of symbiotic relationships (from mutualism to parasitism), making it good model study evolution host-symbiont associations. However, few data are available diversity distribution within lineages. Here, we propose survey in whitefly species (Hemiptera), particular Bemisia tabaci...

Abstract The density and regulation of microbial populations are important factors in the success symbiotic associations. High bacterial may improve transmission to next generation, but excessive replication could turn out be costly host result higher virulence. Moreover, differences virulence also depend on diversity symbionts. Using maternally transmitted symbiont Wolbachia, we investigated how regulated influence insects subject multiple infection. model used was wasp Asobara tabida that...

The outcome and the evolution of host-symbiont associations depend on environmental constraints, but responses are difficult to predict since they arise from a complex interaction between host, parasite environment. situation can be even more when multiple genotypes, with potentially different changes, coexist within single host. In this paper, we investigated effect temperature (from 14 26 degrees C) during host development density 3 strains intracellular bacterium Wolbachia that wasp...

Abstract. 1. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is a pest of many agricultural and ornamental crops worldwide particularly in Africa. B. complex more than 20 biotypes. Effective control calls for greater knowledge the local biological diversity terms biotypes or putative species. Information available about biotype distribution Northern, Eastern, Southern Africa, but data Western Africa remain very scarce. At time this study, were only three sampling sites Burkina Faso, where have been detected,...

Intracellular symbionts of arthropods have diverse influences on their hosts, and functions generally appear to be associated with localization within the host. The effect pattern role a particular symbiont cannot normally tested since hosts is invariant. However, in Israel, secondary Rickettsia unusual that it presents two distinct patterns throughout development adulthood its whitefly host, Bemisia tabaci (B biotype). In "scattered" pattern, localized hemocoel, excluding bacteriocytes,...

Many insects harbor inherited bacterial endosymbionts. Although some of them are not strictly essential and considered facultative, they can be a key to host survival under specific environmental conditions, such as parasitoid attacks, climate changes, or insecticide pressures. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci is at the top list organisms inflicting agricultural damage outbreaks, changes in its distribution may associated global warming. In this work, we have sequenced analyzed genome Cardinium...

The invasive pest Drosophila suzukii is characterized by a specific fresh-fruit targeting behavior and has quickly become menace for the fruit economy of newly infested North American European regions. D. carries strain endosymbiotic bacterium Wolbachia, named wSuz, which low infection frequency no reproductive manipulation capabilities in populations suzukii. To further understand nature wSuz biology assess its utility as tool controlling this pest's populations, we investigated prevalence...

Abstract The maternally inherited bacterium Wolbachia is well known for spreading in natural populations by manipulating the reproduction of its arthropod hosts, but can also have mutualist effects that increase host fitness. In mosquitoes and Drosophila some strains lead to an survival virus‐infected insects, most cases this associated with reduced accumulation virus tissues. We investigated if strain w Suz, which naturally infects suzukii , able confer protection against C Flock House...

The spotted wing

Vertically transmitted symbionts suffer a severe reduction in numbers when they pass through host generations, resulting genetic homogeneity or even clonality of their populations. Wolbachia endosymbionts that induce cytoplasmic incompatibility hosts depart from this rule, because actively maintains multiple infection within hosts. Hosts and are thus probably under peculiar selective pressures must shape the way intracellular bacterial populations regulated. We studied density location adult...

Individual organisms are linked to their communities and ecosystems via metabolic activities. Metabolic exchanges co-dependencies have long been suggested a pivotal role in determining community structure. In phloem-feeding insects such interactions with bacteria enable complementation of deprived nutrition. The whitefly Bemisia tabaci (Hemiptera: Aleyrodidae) harbors an obligatory symbiotic bacterium, as well varying combinations facultative symbionts. This well-defined bacterial B. serves...

Abstract Since its recent invasion of the European and American continents, spotted wing Drosophila suzukii has become a burden fruit industry. Armed with highly sclerotized ovipositor, females can lay eggs in wider variety ripening healthy fruits than other species. Economic losses due to D. reach millions dollars annually methods control natural populations field mainly rely on use chemical pesticides. We tested if Wolbachia bacteria represents potential ally this pest. These symbionts are...

Abstract We investigated the molecular diversity of major agricultural pest Bemisia tabaci and its associated secondary endosymbionts in Greece. Analyzing mitochondrial DNA, we found that Q1 (=Q west) is predominant. used eight microsatellite polymorphic markers to study genetic structure 37 populations from mainland insular Greece, collected on different host species outdoor protected crops as well non-cultivated plants. In some cases, gene flow was be low even between separated by just a...

Bacterial endosymbiosis is an important evolutionary process in insects, which can harbor both obligate and facultative symbionts. The evolution of these symbionts driven by convergence, they exhibit among the tiniest genomes prokaryotes. large host spectrum high diversity strategies use to infect new hosts probably impact their genome explain why undergo less severe genomic erosion than Candidatus Hamiltonella defensa suitable for investigation because bacteria are engaged specific...

Bemisia tabaci Gennadius is a one of the major pests cotton crops worldwide. In Burkina Faso, data on resistance to neonicotinoids and carbamate insecticides related species/biotypes remain very scarce. To evaluate status B. in four were tested using leaf dip method 10 field populations collected from cotton. The biotypes was also determined. Two biotypes, Q ASL, recorded. Only Q1 group detected biotype. A significant carbosulfan shown most tested. highest ratios (RRs) recorded locations...