Bemisia tabaci, an invasive pest that causes crop damage worldwide, is a highly differentiated species complex, divided into biotypes have mainly been defined based on mitochondrial DNA sequences. Although endosymbionts can potentially induce population differentiation, specialization and indirect selection mtDNA, studies largely ignored these influential passengers in B. despite as many seven bacterial identified. Here, we investigate the composition of whole community worldwide populations...

Wolbachia is an intracellular bacterium generally described as being a facultative reproductive parasite. However, necessary for oogenesis completion in the wasp Asobara tabida. This dependence has evolved recently result of interference with apoptosis during oogenesis. Through comparative transcriptomics between symbiotic and aposymbiotic individuals, we observed differential expression ferritin, which forms complex involved iron storage. Iron essential element that limited supply cell. it...

Regulation of microbial population density is a necessity in stable symbiotic interactions. In Wolbachia symbiosis, both bacterial and host genotypes are involved regulation, but environmental factors may also affect density. Here, we studied the interaction between three strains two divergent homozygous lines wasp Leptopilina heterotoma at different temperatures. varied only one temperature. Moreover, this temperature, reciprocal-cross F1 insects displayed identical densities, which were...

Abstract Summary: Comparing genetic and physical maps (the so-called Marey map approach) is still the most widely used approach to estimate genome-wide recombination rates. Remarkably, there no available bioinformatics tool specifically devoted approach. Here, we developed such a called MareyMap based on GNU R Tcl/Tk. offers user-friendly graphical interface includes useful features, as data cleaning process, sophisticated interpolation methods local rates, possibility of complex queries,...

Abstract Background Persistent infections with mutualistic intracellular bacteria (endosymbionts) are well represented in insects and considered to be a driving force evolution. However, while pathogenic relationships have been studied over the last decades very little is known about recognition of endosymbionts by host immune system mechanism that limits their infection bacteria-bearing tissue (the bacteriome). Results To study bacteriome specificity, we first identified immune-relevant...

Bacteriophages are common viruses infecting prokaryotes. In addition to their deadly effect, phages also involved in several evolutionary processes of bacteria, such as coding functional proteins potentially beneficial them, or favoring horizontal gene transfer through transduction. The particular lifestyle obligatory intracellular bacteria usually protects them from phage infection. However, Wolbachia, an alpha-proteobacterium, diverse arthropod and nematode species best known for the...

Wolbachia are intracellular bacteria known to be facultative reproductive parasites of numerous arthropod hosts. Apart from these manipulations, recent findings indicate that may also modify the host's physiology, notably its immune function. In parasitoid wasp, Asobara tabida, is necessary for oogenesis completion, and aposymbiotic females unable produce viable offspring. The absence egg production associated with an increase in programmed cell death ovaries females, suggesting a mechanism...

Abstract Background Wolbachia are vertically transmitted bacteria known to be the most widespread endosymbiont in arthropods. They induce various alterations of reproduction their host, including feminization genetic males isopod crustaceans. In pill bug Armadillidium vulgare , presence is also associated with detrimental effects on host fertility and lifespan. Deleterious have been demonstrated hemocyte density, phenoloxidase activity, natural hemolymph septicemia, suggesting that infected...

Structural variation is a major source of genetic diversity and an important substrate for selection. In allopolyploids, homoeologous exchanges (i.e. between the constituent subgenomes) are very frequent type structural variant. However, their direct impact on gene content expression had not been determined. Here, we used tissue-specific mRNA-Seq dataset to measure consequences (HE) in Brassica napus, representative allotetraploid crop. We demonstrate that changes proportional change copy...

Correspondence analysis of codon usage data is a widely used method in sequence analysis, but the variability amino acid composition between proteins confounding factor when one wants to analyse synonymous variability. A simple and natural way cope with this problem use within-group correspondence analysis. There is, however, no user-friendly implementation available for genomic studies. Our motivation was provide community Web facility easily study on subset public databases.Availability...

Cell wall remodeling is an essential mechanism for the regulation of plant growth and architecture, xyloglucans (XyGs), major hemicellulose, are often considered as spacers cellulose microfibrils during growth. In seed, activity cell enzymes plays a critical role in germination by enabling embryo expansion leading to radicle protrusion, well endosperm weakening prior its rupture. A screen Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) mutants affected hormonal control identified mutant, xyl1, able...

Meiotic crossovers (COs) are essential for proper chromosome segregation and the reshuffling of alleles during meiosis. In WT plants, number COs is usually small, which limits genetic variation that can be captured by plant breeding programs. Part this limitation imposed proteins like FANCM, inactivation results in a 3-fold increase Arabidopsis thaliana. Whether same holds true crops needed to established. study, we identified EMS induced mutations FANCM two species economic relevance within...

Insects thriving on nutritionally poor habitats have integrated mutualistic intracellular symbiotic bacteria (endosymbionts) in a bacteria-bearing tissue (the bacteriome) that isolates the endosymbionts and protects them against host systemic immune response. Whilst metabolic physiological features of long-term insect associations been investigated detail over past decades, cellular regulations determine response to pathogens attracted interest more recently.To investigate bacteriome...

Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is of major agronomical relevance in hybrid breeding. In gametophytic CMS, abortion pollen determined by the grain genotype, while sporophytic it mother plant genotype. While several CMS mechanisms have been dissected at molecular level, has not straightforwardly accessible. We used Sha-CMS Arabidopsis to characterize cause and process implementing vivo biosensing single mitoTALEN mutagenesis. obtained conclusive evidence that orf117Sha CMS-causing gene,...

Gynodioecy, the coexistence of hermaphrodites and females (i.e. male-sterile plants) in natural plant populations, most often results from polymorphism at genetic loci involved a particular interaction between nuclear cytoplasmic compartments (cytonuclear epistasis): male sterility (CMS). Although CMS clearly contributes to coevolution genomes gynodioecious species, occurrence factors absence sexual (cryptic CMS) is not easily detected rarely taken consideration. We found cryptic model...

Abstract CRISPR and TALENs are efficient systems for gene editing in many organisms including plants. In cases the CRISPR–Cas or TALEN modules expressed plant cell only transiently. Theoretically, transient expression of should limit unexpected effects compared to stable transformation. However, very few studies have measured off-target unpredicted strategies on genome, none them these two major systems. We conducted, Physcomitrium patens , a comprehensive genome-wide investigation mutations...

The genus Silene is widely used as a model system for addressing ecological and evolutionary questions in plants, but advances using the are impeded by lack of available resources studying its genome. Massively parallel sequencing cDNA has recently developed into an efficient method characterizing transcriptomes non-model organisms, generating massive amounts data that enable study multiple species comparative framework. sequences generated provide excellent resource identifying expressed...

Abstract Meiotic rapid prophase chromosome movements (RPMs) require connections between the chromosomes and cytoskeleton, involving SUN (Sad1/UNC-84)-domain-containing proteins at inner nuclear envelope (NE). RPMs remain significantly understudied in plants, with respect to their importance regulation of meiosis. Here, we demonstrate that Arabidopsis thaliana meiotic centromeres undergo (up 500 nm/s) uncoordinated during zygotene pachytene stages. These centromere are not affected by altered...

For insects, the prevalence of numerous vertically transmitted viruses can be high in their host populations. These often have few, if any, pathological effects on hosts, and consequently, many them remain unnoticed for long periods, despite potential role evolution phenotype. Some females Leptopilina boulardi, a solitary parasitoid Drosophila larvae, are infected by an inherited virus (LbFV) that manipulates behavior wasp increasing its tendency to lay eggs is already parasitized...

Wolbachia are symbiotic intracellular bacteria, which classified as reproductive parasites. Although generally facultative, is necessary for Asobara tabida (Hymenoptera), because aposymbiotic females do not produce any offspring. Interestingly, the ovarian phenotype of variable: some eggs, whereas others but these aborted. Here, we show that highly polymorphic within populations, although dependence remains complete in both cases. We also identified lines were able to a very few viable...

The floral transition is a complex developmental event, fine-tuned by various environmental and endogenous cues to ensure the success of offspring production. Leaves are key organs in sensing inductive signals, such as change light regime, production mobile florigen. CONSTANS FLOWERING LOCUS T major players leaves response photoperiod. Morphological molecular events during have been intensively studied shoot apical meristem. To better understand concomitant processes leaves, which less...

The Unfolded Protein Response (UPR) is a retrograde, ER-to-nucleus, signalling pathway which conserved across kingdoms. In plants, it contributes to development, reproduction, immunity and tolerance abiotic stress. This RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) dataset was produced from 14-day-old Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings challenged by tunicamycin (Tm), an antibiotic inhibiting Asn-linked glycosylation in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER), causing ER stress eventually activating UPR. Wild-type (WT) double...