A5032125263- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance
- Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- Sex work and related issues
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Disaster Response and Management
- Hepatitis B Virus Studies
- Diabetes Management and Education
- Crime Patterns and Interventions
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
- COVID-19 epidemiological studies
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Viral Infections and Outbreaks Research
- Workplace Violence and Bullying
Johns Hopkins University
2022-2024
University of South Carolina
2023-2024
University of California, San Diego
2018-2022
San Diego State University
2018-2022
Open Society Foundations
2019
Fogarty International Center
2019
British Columbia Centre on Substance Use
2019
University of Arizona
2019
Northeastern University
2019
Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas
2019
Between 2015 and 2018, we provided training for 1806 municipal police officers in Tijuana, Mexico, an effort to improve their knowledge behaviors related HIV injection drug use. Correct of syringe possession laws improved from 56% before 94% after was sustained at 24 months (75%). Knowledge improvement associated with decreases arrests over time (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 0.87; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.85, 0.90). Officers correct had significantly lower reporting (AOR 0.63; CI 0.44,...
To assess how instructional techniques affect officers' intent to communicate syringe legality during searches in Tijuana, Mexico, where pervasive confiscation potentiates risk of HIV and HCV among people who inject drugs (PWID) occupational needle-stick injury police.
Mexican law permits syringe purchase and possession without prescription. Nonetheless, people who inject drugs (PWID) frequently report arrest for possession. Extrajudicial arrests not only violate human rights, but also significantly increase the risk of blood-borne infection transmission other health harms among PWID police personnel. To better understand how practices contribute to environment, prior research has primarily examined drug user perspectives experiences. This study focuses on...
Abstract Background Homeless people who use drugs (PWUD) are often displaced, detained, and/or forced into drug treatment during police crackdowns. Such operations follow a zero-tolerance approach to law enforcement and have deleterious impact on the health of PWUD. In Mexico, municipal officers (MPOs) conducted largest crackdown documented at Tijuana River Canal ( Mejora ) dismantle an open market. We analyzed active-duty MPOs’ attitudes rationale, implementation, outcomes crackdown. also...
People who inject drugs (PWID) may have diminished access to essential preventive services like COVID-19 vaccination given structural and substance use barriers. We aimed assess the role of HIV on uptake among adult PWID participating in ALIVE cohort study Baltimore, Maryland were alive as April 2021. abstracted data from electronic medical records via regional health information exchange. used Kaplan-Meier method estimate time universal vaccine eligibility (April 6, 2021) completion primary...
Objective At a time of unprecedented attention to the public health impact policing, it is imperative understand role occupational safety in shaping officer behaviours. We assessed longitudinal police training quasi-experimental hybrid type-1 trial reduce syringe-related risk, while realigning practices with prevention among people who inject drugs (PWID). Setting Tijuana, Mexico. Participants Of 1806 Tijuana municipal trainees, 771 reporting previous exposure syringes were randomly selected...
Background: Laws and their enforcement act as structural determinants of health. Among people who inject drugs (PWID) in numerous global settings, police encounters (e.g. syringe confiscation, physical assault) have been associated with health harms. However, these relationships not yet systematically assessed. We conducted a systematic literature review to quantify the contribution policing HIV risk among PWID.Methods: screened MEDLINE, sociological databases grey for studies from...
Abstract Background Police constitute a structural determinant of health and HIV risk people who inject drugs (PWID), negative encounters with law enforcement present significant barriers to PWID access harm reduction services. Conversely, police may facilitate via officer-led referrals, potentiating prevention HIV, overdose, drug-related harms. We aimed identify characteristics associated support for referrals addiction treatment services syringe service programs (SSP). hypothesized that...
Introduction. Mexico northern border has high levels of heroin use. For more than 10 years, the country implemented several harm reduction interventions to reduce risks associated with drug New strategies such as Safe Consumption Sites (SCS) must be considered a next step service vulnerable populations and increase their health outcomes. Objective. This report seeks measure compare attitudes on potential SCS intervention in Tijuana among police people lived experience (PLE) use city. Method....
Abstract Background Law enforcement officers (LEOs) come into frequent contact with people who inject drugs (PWID). Through service referrals, LEOs may facilitate PWID engagement in harm reduction, substance use treatment, and other health supportive services. Little is known about LEO attitudes concerns however. The objective of this mixed-methods study was to examine the alignment referral preferences acceptability among Tijuana, Mexico. Methods We assessed perceived likelihood...
Abstract Background and Aims Drug policy reforms typically seek to improve health among people who use drugs (PWUD), but flawed implementation impedes potential benefits. Mexico’s 2009 drug reform emphasized public health-oriented measures address addiction. Implementation has been deficient, however. We explored the role of municipal police officers’ (MPOs) enforcement decision-making local systems as barriers operationalization. Methods Between February-June 2016, 20 semi-structured...
Abstract Introduction Given structural barriers, access to services is key for preventing drug‐related harms and managing chronic disease among people who inject drugs (PWID). The Patient Activation Measure (PAM), a validated scale assess self‐efficacy in navigating one's own health care, was operationalised improve service utilisation outcomes but has not been assessed PWID. We characterised PAM its association with healthcare harm reduction PWID the AIDS Linked IntraVenous Experience...
To develop and validate syringe threat injury correlates (STIC) score to measure police vulnerability needlestick (NSI).
Background and Objectives Policing practices do not reflect recent decriminalization of drug possession in Mexico. We assessed knowledge cannabis law as part a police education program (PEP) post‐drug reform Tijuana. Methods Officers took pre‐/post‐PEP surveys; random subsample ( n = 759) received follow‐up assessments. Longitudinal logistic regression (pre‐, post‐, 3‐months post‐PEP) measured law. Results PEP increased conceptual from baseline to post‐training (AOR 56.1, CI: 41.0–76.8) 3...
People who inject drugs (PWID) may have diminished access to essential preventive services like COVID-19 vaccination given structural and substance use barriers. We aimed assess the role of HIV viral load on uptake among adult PWID participating in ALIVE cohort study Baltimore, Maryland were alive as April 2021. abstracted data from electronic medical records via regional health information exchange. conducted survival analysis estimate time universal vaccine eligibility (April 6, 2021)...