A5006675812- HIV, Drug Use, Sexual Risk
- Opioid Use Disorder Treatment
- Sex work and related issues
- Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance
- Migration, Health and Trauma
- Forensic Toxicology and Drug Analysis
- Electrical Fault Detection and Protection
- Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
- Health disparities and outcomes
- Substance Abuse Treatment and Outcomes
- SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 Research
- Non-Destructive Testing Techniques
- Quality and Safety in Healthcare
- HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions
- Public Health Policies and Education
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- COVID-19 Impact on Reproduction
- Chronic Disease Management Strategies
- Sports and Physical Education Studies
- Horticultural and Viticultural Research
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Advertising and Communication Studies
- Health, psychology, and well-being
- Cannabis and Cannabinoid Research
University of Arizona
2019-2024
University of California, San Diego
2017-2021
University of California System
2018-2019
British Columbia Centre on Substance Use
2019
San Diego State University
2017-2019
Open Society Foundations
2019
Fogarty International Center
2019
Northeastern University
2019
Centro de Investigación y Docencia Económicas
2019
Columbia University
2019
As countries embark on public health-oriented drug law reform, health impact evaluations are needed. In 2012, Mexico mandated the narcomenudeo which depenalised possession of small amounts drugs and instituted treatment instead incarceration. We investigated past future effect this reform HIV incidence in people who inject Tijuana, Mexico.
Mexico's 2009 "narcomenudeo reform" decriminalized small amounts of drugs, shifting some drug law enforcement to the states and mandating treatment diversion instead incarceration. Data from Tijuana suggested limited implementation this harm reduction-oriented policy. We studied whether a police education program (PEP) improved officers' syringe policy knowledge, aimed identify participant characteristics associated with improvement knowledge.Pre- post-training surveys were self-administered...
To assess how instructional techniques affect officers' intent to communicate syringe legality during searches in Tijuana, Mexico, where pervasive confiscation potentiates risk of HIV and HCV among people who inject drugs (PWID) occupational needle-stick injury police.
Mexican law permits syringe purchase and possession without prescription. Nonetheless, people who inject drugs (PWID) frequently report arrest for possession. Extrajudicial arrests not only violate human rights, but also significantly increase the risk of blood-borne infection transmission other health harms among PWID police personnel. To better understand how practices contribute to environment, prior research has primarily examined drug user perspectives experiences. This study focuses on...
Abstract Background Homeless people who use drugs (PWUD) are often displaced, detained, and/or forced into drug treatment during police crackdowns. Such operations follow a zero-tolerance approach to law enforcement and have deleterious impact on the health of PWUD. In Mexico, municipal officers (MPOs) conducted largest crackdown documented at Tijuana River Canal ( Mejora ) dismantle an open market. We analyzed active-duty MPOs’ attitudes rationale, implementation, outcomes crackdown. also...
Abstract This study examines factors associated with symptoms of loneliness among a sample ( n = 213) mostly Mexican-origin adults at risk chronic diseases in Southern Arizona’s Pima, Yuma, and Santa Cruz counties. It uses baseline data from community-based participatory research partnership multinominal logistic regression models. Controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, perceived social support hope exhibit negative main effects on when comparing individuals who experienced 5–7...
As of October 26, 2022, only 9% children in the United States aged 6 months to 4 years have received at least one dose COVID-19 vaccine despite FDA approval since June 17, 2022. Rates are better yet still low for 5 11 as nearly 30% were fully vaccinated August 23, Vaccine hesitancy among adults is major factors affecting uptake rates against COVID-19, most studies examining targeted school-age and adolescent children.With aim assessing willingness recommend vaccination under compared 12 age,...
Objective At a time of unprecedented attention to the public health impact policing, it is imperative understand role occupational safety in shaping officer behaviours. We assessed longitudinal police training quasi-experimental hybrid type-1 trial reduce syringe-related risk, while realigning practices with prevention among people who inject drugs (PWID). Setting Tijuana, Mexico. Participants Of 1806 Tijuana municipal trainees, 771 reporting previous exposure syringes were randomly selected...
Abstract Background Police constitute a structural determinant of health and HIV risk people who inject drugs (PWID), negative encounters with law enforcement present significant barriers to PWID access harm reduction services. Conversely, police may facilitate via officer-led referrals, potentiating prevention HIV, overdose, drug-related harms. We aimed identify characteristics associated support for referrals addiction treatment services syringe service programs (SSP). hypothesized that...
Abstract Background Law enforcement officers (LEOs) come into frequent contact with people who inject drugs (PWID). Through service referrals, LEOs may facilitate PWID engagement in harm reduction, substance use treatment, and other health supportive services. Little is known about LEO attitudes concerns however. The objective of this mixed-methods study was to examine the alignment referral preferences acceptability among Tijuana, Mexico. Methods We assessed perceived likelihood...
Abstract Background and Aims Drug policy reforms typically seek to improve health among people who use drugs (PWUD), but flawed implementation impedes potential benefits. Mexico’s 2009 drug reform emphasized public health-oriented measures address addiction. Implementation has been deficient, however. We explored the role of municipal police officers’ (MPOs) enforcement decision-making local systems as barriers operationalization. Methods Between February-June 2016, 20 semi-structured...
To develop and validate syringe threat injury correlates (STIC) score to measure police vulnerability needlestick (NSI).
Background and Objectives Policing practices do not reflect recent decriminalization of drug possession in Mexico. We assessed knowledge cannabis law as part a police education program (PEP) post‐drug reform Tijuana. Methods Officers took pre‐/post‐PEP surveys; random subsample ( n = 759) received follow‐up assessments. Longitudinal logistic regression (pre‐, post‐, 3‐months post‐PEP) measured law. Results PEP increased conceptual from baseline to post‐training (AOR 56.1, CI: 41.0–76.8) 3...
Vaccine hesitancy in the face of COVID-19 pandemic is a complex issue that undermines our national ability to reduce burden disease and control pandemic. The revealed widening health disparities disproportionate adverse outcomes terms transmission, hospitalizations, morbidity mortality among Arizona's Latinx rural, underserved, farmworker, disabled elderly populations. In March 2021, ~8.1% those vaccinated were Latinx, though Latinxs make up 32% population. Arizona Confidence Network (AzVCN)...
What constitutes a qualified employee? In OSHA's eyes, will 5, 10, 15 years of experience, licenses, certifications, or degree make an employee qualified? Licenses, degrees, and other types training usually provide the worker with knowledge technical aspects job, but do not qualify to perform tasks on near exposed energized circuit parts. Every who is expected work circuits must be properly trained meet requirements. definition "Qualified" person includes only skills knowledge, also ability...
What constitutes a qualified employee? In the Occupational Safety and Health Administration's (OSHA's) eyes, will five, ten, or 15 years of experience; licenses; certifications; degree make an employee qualified? Licenses, certifications, degrees, other types technical experience do not qualify worker to perform tasks on near exposed energized circuit parts. Every who is expected work circuits must be properly trained meet OSHA's requirements. definition person includes only skills knowledge...
Using baseline data from three partnering federally qualified health centers, we examined factors associated with depressive symptoms among Mexican-origin adults at risk of chronic disease living in counties Southern Arizona (i.e., Pima, Yuma, and Santa Cruz). Multivariable linear regression models identified correlates for this population controlling sociodemographic characteristics. Among 206 participants, 85.9% were female 49% between 45 64 years age. The proportion was 26.8%. Low levels...
Diabetes is the seventh leading cause of death in United States, and it particularly problematic among Latine population. This study employed multivariable logistic regression models to examine how hypertension, depression, sociodemographics were associated with diabetes a cross-sectional sample Mexican-origin adults living three counties Southern Arizona. The overall prevalence from this primary care was 39.4%. Holding covariates at fixed values, individuals having hypertension 2.36 (95%...