Abstract Hydrogen bonding underpins the properties of a vast array systems spanning wide variety scientific fields. From elegance base pair interactions in DNA to symmetry extended supramolecular assemblies, hydrogen bonds play an essential role directing intermolecular forces. Yet fundamental aspects bond continue be vigorously debated. Here we use dynamic force microscopy (DFM) quantitatively map tip-sample field for naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimide molecules hydrogen-bonded...

On-surface synthesis in ultrahigh vacuum provides a promising strategy for creating thermally and chemically stable molecular structures at surfaces. The two-dimensional confinement of the educts, possibility working higher (or lower) temperatures absence solvent, templating effect surface bear potential preparing compounds that cannot be obtained solution. Moreover, covalently linked conjugated molecules allow efficient electron transport are, thus, particularly interesting future...

Molecular self-assembly is employed for creating unidirectional molecular nanostructures on a truly insulating substrate, namely the (101̅4) cleavage plane of calcite. The molecule used racemic heptahelicene-2-carboxylic acid, which forms structures, well-aligned along [010] crystallographic direction and stable at room temperature. Precise control both molecule−substrate molecule−molecule interaction required, leading to formation such wire-like structures well-defined width lengths...

A procedure is presented for image correction of scanning probe microscopy data that distorted by linear thermal drift. The based on common ideas drift correction, which the authors combine to a comprehensive step-by-step description how measure velocities in all three dimensions and correct images using these velocities. method does not require any knowledge about size or shape imaged structures. Thus, it applicable type image, including lacking periodic Besides providing simple,...

The atomistic structure of the tip apex plays a crucial role in performing reliable atomic-scale surface and adsorbate manipulation using scanning probe techniques. We have developed an automated extraction routine for controlled removal single hydrogen atoms from H:Si(100) surface. set atomic protocols detect variety desorption events during tunneling microscope (STM)-induced modification hydrogen-passivated influence state on probability was examined by comparing efficiency various...

The coverage-dependent mode of adsorption terephthalic acid [C6H4(COOH)2, TPA] on rutile TiO2(110) was investigated by means noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) and near-edge X-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy under ultrahigh vacuum conditions at room temperature. Individual molecules are observed to adsorb in an disordered, flat-lying geometry low coverages up ∼0.3 monolayer (ML). immobile temperature, implying a diffusion barrier larger than 0.8 eV. This rather...

The acquisition of dense 3D data sets is great importance, but also a challenge for scanning probe microscopy (SPM). Thermal drift often induces severe distortions in the data, which usually constrains to experiments under ultra-high vacuum and low-temperature conditions. Atom tracking an elegant approach compensate thermal position microscope tip with highest precision. Here, we present flexible compensation system can easily be connected existing SPM hardware. Furthermore, describe...

We critically discuss the extraction of intrinsic cantilever properties, namely eigenfrequency f n , quality factor Q and specifically stiffness k nth oscillation mode from thermal noise by an analysis power spectral density displacement fluctuations in contact with a bath. The practical applicability this approach is demonstrated for several cantilevers eigenfrequencies ranging 50 kHz to 2 MHz. As such requires sophisticated analysis, we introduce new method determine demodulated signal...

We present a detailed analysis and understanding of Kelvin probe force microscopy (KPFM) data for system point charges in vacuum-dielectric tip-sample system. Explicit formulae describing the KPFM signal $\ensuremath{\Delta}V$ are derived two operation modes, namely amplitude modulation frequency (FM). The allow physical interpretation resulting signal, reveal contributing parameters, especially disclose an additive behavior. numerically evaluate these equations show exemplary slice single...

To understand contrast formation in atomic resolution noncontact force microscopy (NC-AFM), we investigate whether or not repulsive tip-sample interaction contributes to formation. We relate attractive and interactions features depending on both oscillating amplitude measured detuning. Simulations based a Morse potential illustrate the mechanism behind inversion due above an adsorbate surface. Experimental NC-AFM images of adsorbates mica ${\text{TiO}}_{2}$ surfaces confirm our simulations....

Abstract Heptahelicene‐2‐carboxylic acid was effectively synthesised from suitably functionalised naphthalene building blocks. Methoxy‐substituted 1,1′‐ethyne‐1,2‐diylbis(2‐but‐3‐yn‐1‐ylnaphthalene) cyclised in the presence of CpCo(CO) 2 /PPh 3 to 2‐methoxy‐7,8,11,12‐tetrahydroheptahelicene, which converted into heptahelicen‐2‐yl trifluoromethanesulfonate. This reactive intermediate underwent Pd(OAc) /dppp‐catalysed methoxycarbonylation reaction provide, after hydrolysis,...

The adsorption of 3,4,9,10-perylene tetracarboxylic diimide derivative molecules on the rutile ${\text{TiO}}_{2}(110)$ surface was investigated by noncontact atomic force microscopy and density-functional theory (DFT) calculations. After submonolayer deposition, individual are observed to adsorb with their main axis aligned along [001] direction centered top bridging oxygen rows. Depending tip termination, two distinctly different molecular contrasts achieved. In first mode, imaged as bright...

We report the formation of extended molecular layers C60 molecules on a dielectric surface at room temperature. In sharp contrast to previous adsorption studies prototypical ionic crystal surfaces, wetting layer is obtained when choosing calcite (CaCO3)(104) as substrate. Non-contact atomic force microscopy data reveal an excellent match hexagonal lattice with unit cell dimension CaCO3(104) in [010] direction, while mismatch along [61] direction results large-scale moiré modulation. Overall,...

The noise of the frequency-shift signal Δf in noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) consists cantilever thermal noise, tip-surface-interaction and instrumental from detection processing systems. We investigate how displacement-noise spectral density d(z) at input frequency demodulator propagates to frequency-shift-noise d(Δ) (f) output dependence properties settings electronics limit a negligible tip-surface interaction measurement under ultrahigh-vacuum conditions. For quantification...

Noncontact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) is now routinely capable of obtaining submolecular resolution, readily resolving the carbon backbone structure planar organic molecules adsorbed on metal substrates. Here we show that same resolution may also be obtained for a reactive semiconducting substrate. Surprisingly, this without need deliberate tip functionalization. Intriguingly, observe two chemically distinct apex types imaging. We characterize our apices by ``inverse imaging'' silicon...

A substrate-guided photochemical reaction of C60 fullerenes on calcite, a bulk insulator, investigated by non-contact atomic force microscopy is presented. The success the covalent linkage evident from shortening intermolecular distances, which clearly expressed disappearance moiré pattern. Furthermore, UV/Vis spectroscopy and mass spectrometry measurements carried out thick films demonstrate ability our setup for initiating photoinduced reaction. irradiation results in well-oriented...

One-dimensional polymer chains consisting of π-conjugated porphyrin units are formed via Glaser coupling on a Ag(111) surface. Scanning probe microscopy reveals the covalent structure products and their ordering. The conformational flexibility within is investigated comparision room temperature cryogenic measurements.

Calcite, in the natural environment most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate (CaCO3), not only is an abundant mineral Earth's crust but also forms a central constituent biominerals living organisms. Intensive studies calcite(104), surface supporting virtually all processes, have been performed, and interaction with plethora adsorbed species has studied. Surprisingly, there still serious ambiguity regarding properties calcite(104) surface: effects such as row-pairing or (2 × 1)...

Calcite is a mineral of fundamental importance that plays crucial role in many fields research such as biomineralization, biomolecule adsorption, and reactivity well industrial daily life applications. Consequently, the most stable cleavage plane calcite has been studied extensively using both direct imaging techniques atomic force microscopy spectroscopic diffraction techniques. Several surface structures have reported for (101̅4) differing from simple bulk-truncated structure an ongoing...

Abstract Molecular self‐assembly on insulating surfaces, despite being highly relvant to many applications, generally suffers from the weak molecule–surface interactions present dielectric especially when benchmarked against metallic substrates. Therefore, fully exploit potential of molecular self‐assembly, increasing influence substrate constitutes an essential prerequisite. Upon deposition terephthalic acid and trimesic onto natural cleavage plane calcite, extended hydrogen‐bonded networks...

We report on molecular self-assembly of biphenyl-4,4 -dicarboxylic acid (BPDCA) CaCO 3 (10 14) under ultra-high vacuum conditions.Two-dimensional, ordered islands are obtained upon deposition at room temperature, coexisting with a streaky structure that is ascribed to individual, mobile molecules forming two-dimensional gas-like phase.High-resolution non-contact atomic force microscopy (NC-AFM) images the reveal an inner dominated by rows aligned side running along [4261] crystallographic...

Chirality can have a decisive influence on the molecular structure formation upon self-assembly surfaces. In this paper, we study structures formed by enantiopure (M)-heptahelicene-2-carboxylic acid ((M)-[7]HCA) calcite (101̅4) cleavage plane under ultrahigh vacuum conditions. Previous noncontact atomic force microscopy studies revealed that racemic mixture of (M)-[7]HCA and (P)-[7]HCA (1:1) self-assembles into well-defined double rows are oriented along [011̅0] direction. Here, investigate...

Calcite, the most stable polymorph of calcium carbonate, is one abundant simple salts in geological environment. Consequently, its natural cleavage plane has been studied extensively by a wide range surface-sensitive techniques, giving indications for two reconstructions, namely (2 × 1) and so-called 'row-pairing' reconstruction. The existence reconstruction discussed controversially literature, but now confirmed as true surface property. In contrast, comprehensive discussion on row-pairing...