Nanostructured materials may be defined as those whose structural elements - clusters, crystallites or molecules have dimensions in the 1 to 100 nm range. The explosion both academic and industrial interest these over past decade arises from remarkable variations fundamental electrical, optical magnetic properties that occur one progresses an `infinitely extended' solid a particle of material consisting countable number atoms. This review details recent advances synthesis investigation...

Abstract Hydrogen bonding underpins the properties of a vast array systems spanning wide variety scientific fields. From elegance base pair interactions in DNA to symmetry extended supramolecular assemblies, hydrogen bonds play an essential role directing intermolecular forces. Yet fundamental aspects bond continue be vigorously debated. Here we use dynamic force microscopy (DFM) quantitatively map tip-sample field for naphthalene tetracarboxylic diimide molecules hydrogen-bonded...

We have used the tip of a scanning tunneling microscope to position individual C60 molecules on Si(111) surface. It is possible form simple patterns at room temperature using this technique.

We have achieved highly localized control of pattern formation in two-dimensional nanoparticle assemblies by direct modification solvent dewetting dynamics. A striking dependence organization on the size atomic force microscope-generated surface heterogeneities is observed and reproduced numerical simulations. Nanoscale features induce a rupture solvent-nanoparticle film, causing local flow to carry nanoparticles into confinement. Microscale instead slow evaporation solvent, producing...

The growth of fingering patterns in dewetting nanofluids (colloidal solutions thiol-passivated gold nanoparticles) has been followed real time using contrast-enhanced video microscopy. instability on which we focus here arises from evaporatively driven nucleation and a nanoscopically thin precursor solvent film behind the macroscopic contact line. We find that well-developed isotropic structures only form for narrow range experimental parameters. Numerical simulations, based modification...

A combination of normal-incidence x-ray standing-wave (NIXSW) spectroscopy, photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning tunneling microscopy (STM), and density-functional theory (DFT) has been used to investigate the interaction a number phthalocyanine molecules (specifically, SnPc, PbPc, CoPc) with Ag(111) surface. The metal-surface distances predicted by DFT calculations for SnPc/Ag(111) $(2.48\text{ }\text{\AA{}})$ CoPc/Ag(111) $(2.88\text{ are in good agreement our NIXSW experimental...

Resonant peaks are observed in the low-temperature current-voltage I(V) characteristics of a single-barrier GaAs/AlAs/GaAs diode with InAs quantum dots incorporated AlAs tunnel barrier. We argue that each peak arises from single-electron tunneling through discrete zero-dimensional state an individual dot Each splits into sharp components for magnetic field B\ensuremath{\parallel}I; curve probes density Landau-quantized states emitter-accumulation layer. A size \ensuremath{\approxeq}10 nm was...

We reversibly switch the state of a bistable atom by direct mechanical manipulation bond angle using dynamic force microscope. Individual buckled dimers at Si(100) surface are flipped via formation single covalent bond, actuating smallest conceivable in-plane toggle (two atoms) chemical alone. The response given dimer to flip event depends critically on both local and nonlocal environment target atom---an important consideration for future atomic scale fabrication strategies.

Ultraviolet photoelectron spectroscopy (UPS), work function measurements, low energy electron diffraction (LEED) and scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) have been used to study the adsorption desorption of 1-ethyl-3-methylimidazolium bis[(trifluoromethyl)sulfonyl]imide, [C(2)C(1)Im][Tf(2)N], on (1×2) clean surface reconstruction Au(110) in temperature range 100-674 K. The ionic liquid adsorbed without decomposition, desorbed leaving any residue surface. For at room a monolayer strongly...

We show that the precise orientation of a C(60) molecule which terminates tip scanning probe microscope can be determined with atomic precision from submolecular contrast images fullerene cage. A comparison experimental tunneling microscopy data simulated using computationally inexpensive Hückel theory provides robust method identifying molecular rotation and tilt at end tip. Noncontact force resolves atoms cage closest to surface for range orientations tip-sample separations where...

Currently, researchers spend significant time manually searching through large volumes of data produced during scanning probe imaging to identify specific patterns and motifs formed via self-assembly self-organization. Here, we use a combination Monte Carlo simulations, general statistics, machine learning automatically distinguish several spatially correlated in mixed, highly varied set real AFM images self-organized nanoparticles. We do this regardless feature-scale without the need for...

Abstract OpenAI’s ChatGPT, a formidable large language model (LLM) based on generative pre-trained transformer architecture, has remarkable, and rather unsettling, ability to solve conceptually challenging physics problems. One of the more impressive demonstrations ChatGPT’s capabilities in this regard is its expert-physicist-level performance questions that make up Force Concept Inventory [CG West, https://arxiv.org/abs/2303.01067 ]. Motivated by deep implications these advances LLM...

Au nanocrystals spin-coated onto silicon from toluene form cellular networks. A quantitative statistical crystallography analysis shows that intercellular correlations drive the networks far equilibrium. Spin-coating hexane does not produce structure, yet a strong correlation is retained in positions of nanocrystal aggregates. Mechanisms based on Marangoni convection alone cannot account for variety patterns observed, and we argue spinodal decomposition plays an important role foam formation.

A study of the adsorption sulfur on GaAs(100) surface after in situ thermal desorption a protective As capping layer is presented. The flux was generated by decomposition silver sulfide an UHV-compatible electrochemical cell. Use As-capped samples provided means to interaction with both c(2\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}8) and (4\ifmmode\times\else\texttimes\fi{}1) reconstructions. Scanning-tunneling-microscopy images sulfur-covered indicated formation disordered layers which display...

The self-assembly characteristics of the model genetically engineered elastin-like polymer [(VPGVG)2(VPGEG)(VPGVG)2]15 have been studied in this work. An AFM study topology films deposited from acid and basic solutions on a hydrophobic silicon substrate has carried out. Under acidic conditions, deposition results flat surface with no particular topological features. However, solutions, clearly shows an aperiodic pattern nanopores (∼70 nm width separated about 150 nm). This dramatic...

Various experimental settings that involve drying solutions or suspensions of nanoparticles -- often called nanofluids have recently been used to produce structured nanoparticle layers. In addition the formation polygonal networks and spinodal-like patterns, occurrence branched structures has reported. After reviewing results we use a modified version Monte Carlo model first introduced by Rabani et al. [Nature 426, 271 (2003)] study structure in evaporating films for case all structuring is...

We review recent experiments on dewetting thin films of evaporating colloidal nanoparticle suspensions (nanofluids) and discuss several theoretical approaches to describe the ongoing processes including coupled transport phase changes. These range from microscopic discrete stochastic theories mesoscopic continuous deterministic descriptions. In particular, we (i) a kinetic Monte Carlo model, (ii) dynamical density functional theory (iii) hydrodynamic film model. Models are employed formation...

There is now a significant body of literature in which it claimed that stripes form the ligand shell suitably functionalised Au nanoparticles. This stripe morphology has been proposed to strongly affect physicochemical and biochemical properties particles. We critique published evidence for striped nanoparticles detail, with particular focus on interpretation scanning tunnelling microscopy (STM) data (as this only technique ostensibly provides direct presence stripes). Through combination an...

The atomistic structure of the tip apex plays a crucial role in performing reliable atomic-scale surface and adsorbate manipulation using scanning probe techniques. We have developed an automated extraction routine for controlled removal single hydrogen atoms from H:Si(100) surface. set atomic protocols detect variety desorption events during tunneling microscope (STM)-induced modification hydrogen-passivated influence state on probability was examined by comparing efficiency various...

One of the largest obstacles facing scanning probe microscopy is constant need to correct flaws in situ. This currently a manual, time-consuming process that would benefit greatly from automation. Here we introduce convolutional neural network protocol enables automated recognition variety desirable and undesirable tip states on both metal non-metal surfaces. By combining best performing models into majority voting ensembles, find H:Si(100) can be distinguished with mean precision 0.89 an...

Abstract We discuss the exciting prospects for a step change in our ability to map and modify matter at atomic/molecular level by embedding machine learning algorithms scanning probe microscopy (with particular focus on tunnelling microscopy, STM). This nano-AI hybrid approach has far-reaching potential realise technology capable of automated analysis, actuation, assembly with precision down single chemical bond limit.

We have observed a direct correlation between nonspherical shape and polarization anisotropy of optical transitions in quantum dots. The dots, grown by self-assembling during epitaxial deposition InAs on $\mathrm{GaAs}(311)A,$ exhibit nonconventional, faceted, arrowheadlike aligned the [2\ifmmode\bar\else\textasciimacron\fi{}33] direction. dot photoluminescence emission is partially $(\ensuremath{\approx}13%)$ polarized along same presence sign agreement with predictions theoretical model....