Abstract Artificial synapses can boost neuromorphic computing to overcome the inherent limitations of von Neumann architecture. As a promising memristor candidate, ferroelectric tunnel junctions (FTJ) enable authors successfully emulate spike‐timing‐dependent synapses. However, nonlinear and asymmetric synaptic weight update under repeated presynaptic stimulation hampers by favoring runaway weights during learning. Here, demonstrate an FTJ whose conductivity varies linearly symmetrically...

We report, for the first time, ballistic magnetoresistance effects in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) subjected to spatially modulated periodic magnetic field. The field is formed by presence of superconducting stripes on surface heterostructure with 2DEG. observe oscillatory due commensurability effect between classical cyclotron diameter and period modulation. behavior agreement existing theory no adjustable parameters.

We report on the magnetoresistance of a two-dimensional electron gas subjected to an abrupt magnetic field gradient arising from ferromagnetic stripe fabricated at its surface. A sharp resistance resonance effect is observed B(p) due formation two types edge states that drift in opposite directions perpendicular for B<B(p) and B>B(p). semiclassical drift-diffusion model gives good description effects confinement both diagonal off-diagonal components resistivity tensor.

Abstract Heart rate variability (HRV) is a crucial indicator of cardiovascular health. Low HRV correlated with disease severity and mortality in heart failure. increases decreases each breath normal physiology termed respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA). RSA highly evolutionarily conserved, most prominent the young athletic lost disease. Despite this, current pacemakers either pace metronomic fashion or sense activity node. If has been cannot restore it. We hypothesized that restoration...

This review explores the dynamics of two-dimensional electrons in magnetic potentials that vary on scales smaller than mean free path. The physics microscopically inhomogeneous fields relates to important fundamental problems fractional quantum Hall effect, superconductivity, spintronics and graphene spins out promising applications which will be described here. After introducing initial work done electron localization random fields, experimental methods for fabricating are presented....

Abstract Bioelectronic medicine is driving the need for neuromorphic microcircuits that integrate raw nervous stimuli and respond identically to biological neurons. However, designing such circuits remains a challenge. Here we estimate parameters of highly nonlinear conductance models derive ab initio equations intracellular currents membrane voltages embodied in analog solid-state electronics. By configuring individual ion channels neurons with estimated from large-scale assimilation...

Resonant peaks are observed in the low-temperature current-voltage I(V) characteristics of a single-barrier GaAs/AlAs/GaAs diode with InAs quantum dots incorporated AlAs tunnel barrier. We argue that each peak arises from single-electron tunneling through discrete zero-dimensional state an individual dot Each splits into sharp components for magnetic field B\ensuremath{\parallel}I; curve probes density Landau-quantized states emitter-accumulation layer. A size \ensuremath{\approxeq}10 nm was...

The identification of ion channels expressed in neuronal function and dynamics is critical to understanding neurological disease. This program calls for advanced parameter estimation methods that infer channel properties from the electrical oscillations they induce across cell membrane. Characterization would allow detecting channelopathies help devise more effective therapies cardiac Here, we describe Recursive Piecewise Data Assimilation (RPDA), as a computational method successfully...

Abstract The brain's unique processing power, such as perception, understanding, and interaction with the multimodal world, is achieved through diverse synaptic functionalities, which include varied temporal responses adaptation. Although specific functions in brain‐like computing have been successfully realized, emulating recognition spatio‐temporal learning remain significant challenges due to difficulties achieving signal adaptive long‐term plasticity a single electronic synapse. Here,...

Abstract We report on the construction of neuron models by assimilating electrophysiological data with large-scale constrained nonlinear optimization. The method implements interior point line parameter search to determine parameters from responses intracellular current injections zebra finch HVC neurons. incorporated these into a nine ionic channel conductance model obtain completed which we then use predict state under arbitrary stimulation. Each was validated successfully predicting...

We have investigated the magnetoresistance of a heterostructure containing near surface two-dimensional electron gas subject to periodic magnetic field that alternates in sign. The is produced by an array submicrometer ferromagnets fabricated on heterostructure. observe giant low-field due electrons propagating open orbits along lines zero field. are able account for observed form and magnitude this semiclassical model.

We report on stochastic effects in a new class of semiconductor structures that accurately imitate the electrical activity biological neurons. In these devices, electrons and holes play role ${\mathrm{K}}^{+}$ ${\mathrm{Na}}^{+}$ ions give action potentials real The structure propagates delays pulses via web spatially distributed transmission lines. study periodic signal through noisy neuron. Using experimental data theoretical model we demonstrate depending noise level amplitude useful...

We investigate a new type of magnetoresistance (MR) in which the resistivity near-surface two-dimensional electron gas is controlled by magnetization submicron ferromagnetic grating defined on surface device. observe an increase resistance up to ∼1500% at temperature 4 K and ∼1% 300 K. The magnitude dependence MR are well accounted for semiclassical theory. Optimization device parameters expected considerably room MR.

Respiratory sinus arrhythmia is physiological pacing of the heart that disappears in cardiovascular disease and associated with poor cardiac prognosis. In failure, has little, if any, variation rate at rest. We proposed reinstatement respiratory would improve function rats failure. Heart failure were paced daily for 2 weeks either or monotonically a matched rate; was measured using non-invasive echocardiography. Cardiac output stroke volume increased compared to monotonic pacing, via...

Abstract The dysfunction of ion channels is a causative factor in variety neurological diseases, thereby defining the implicated as key drug targets. detection functional changes multiple specific ionic currents currently presents challenge, particularly when causes are either priori unknown, or unexpected. Traditional patch clamp electrophysiology powerful tool this regard but low throughput. Here, we introduce single-shot method for detecting alterations amongst range channel types from...

We construct neuron models from data by transferring information an observed time series to the state variables and parameters of Hodgkin-Huxley models. When learning period completes, model will predict additional observations its uniquely characterize complement ion channels. However, assimilation biological data, as opposed is complicated lack knowledge true equations. Reliance on guessed conductance plagued with multivalued parameter solutions. Here, we report distributions currents...

We discuss the origin of zero-dimensional states, which give rise to resonant structure at current onset in tunneling devices. The states can be identified as being due random pairs shallow donors.

We report on the Hall resistance in a diffusive two-dimensional (2D) electron channel incorporating strong magnetic barrier at its center. An external field was tilted plane perpendicular to separate magnetization effects due ferromagnetic elements from of channeling 2D gas. In presence an inhomogeneous current distribution, is found measure trapping electrons or out edge states rather than average over cross. A simple formula for this regime proposed.

Abstract A flexible yet electronically active composite that mimics mechanoreceptor neurons in the human skin is synthesized, generating voltage oscillations whose frequency increases with pressure. By encoding pressure into frequency, sensor achieves a high sensitivity (&lt;10 Pa). The ability to sense and amplify signals arises from robust negative differential resistance of functionalized graphitic flakes silicone.

We report alternative types of magnetoresistance oscillations in high mobility two-dimensional electron systems subjected to large amplitude one-dimensional periodic magnetic modulations, period 500 nm 1 \ensuremath{\mu}m. observe Shubnikov--de Haas that are strongly modified and phase, Hall resistance oscillations, aperiodic oscillations. These effects shown arise from the internal structure overlapping Landau bands well accounted for by perturbation calculations.

We have demonstrated the proof of principle a semiconductor neuron, which has dendrites, axon, and soma computes information encoded in electrical pulses same way as biological neurons. Electrical impulses applied to dendrites diffuse along microwires soma. The is active part regenerates input above voltage threshold transmits them into axon. Our concept neuron major step forward because its spatial structure controls timing pulses, arrive at Dendrites axon act transmission delay lines,...