Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is effectively treated with eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) patients making movements during recall of traumatic memories. Many therapists have replaced bilateral beeps, but there are no data on the effects beeps. Experimental studies suggest that may be beneficial because they tax working memory, especially central executive component, presence/degree taxation has not been assessed directly. Using discrimination Reaction Time (RT)...

Background Investigation of treatments that effectively treat adults with post-traumatic stress disorder from childhood experiences (Ch-PTSD) and are well tolerated by patients is needed to improve outcomes for this population. Aims The purpose study was compare the effectiveness two trauma-focused treatments, imagery rescripting (ImRs) eye movement desensitisation reprocessing (EMDR), treating Ch-PTSD. Method We conducted an international, multicentre, randomised clinical trial, recruiting...

Abstract Background A central construct in Schema Therapy (ST) is that of a schema mode, describing the current emotional-cognitive-behavioral state. Initially, 10 modes were described. Over time, with world-wide increasing and broader application ST to various disorders, additional identified, mainly based on clinical impressions. Thus, need for new, theoretically based, cross-cultural taxonomy emerged. Methods An international workgroup started from scratch identify an extensive modes, (a)...

Abstract While initially subject to debate, meta‐analyses have shown that eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) is effective in the treatment of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Earlier studies showed movements during retrieval emotional memories reduce their vividness emotionality, which may be due both tasks competing for limited working memory (WM) resources. This study examined whether another secondary task taxes WM has beneficial effects, stronger taxing, reductions...

We investigated the relationships of adolescents' internalizing and externalizing behaviors with their early maladaptive schemas (EMS), coping responses, schema modes. focused on EMS related to experiences disconnection rejection that comprise vulnerable emotions, such as shame, mistrust, deprivation, abandonment, isolation/alienation. This cross-sectional study included a total 699 adolescents (combined clinical non-referred sample) who were 11 18 years old (M = 14.6; SD 1.6), which 45% was...

Background: A category of disorders frequently associated with a history trauma are the dissociative disorders, which Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) is most severe and chronic form. DID high levels impairment, treatment utilization, costs, yet systematic research into effects scarce. Practice-based clinical guidelines advise phase-based approach lengthy has rather reported dropout rates. Therefore, in current proposal efficacy an alternative for (i.e. schema therapy) tested.Objective:...

The schema mode model offers a new conceptualisation of complex dissociative disorders (CDD) as it explains shifts between identities modes. Furthermore, in this CDD is conceived personality pathology, incorporating core features disorders. This study tested the assumptions CDD.Questionnaires measuring disorder traits, schemas, modes and coping styles were filled out by patients with CDD, borderline avoidant (N = 210), their scores on various constructs compared.Participants characterised...

We studied the mechanisms of eye movement desensitization and reprocessing (EMDR) imagery rescripting (ImRs). hypothesized that EMDR works via changes in memory vividness, ImRs encapsulated beliefs (EB), both treatments work distress. Patients (N = 155) with childhood-related posttraumatic stress disorder (Ch-PTSD) received 12 sessions or ImRs. The distress, EB related to index trauma were measured Imagery Interview. PTSD severity was assessed Impact Events Scale-Revised...

Treatment for Dissociative Identity Disorder (DID) often follows a practice-based psychodynamic psychotherapy approach that is conducted in three phases: symptom stabilization, trauma processing, and identity integration rehabilitation. The percentage of patients reach the third phase relatively low, treatment duration long, effects this on core DID symptoms have been found to be small or absent, leaving room improvement DID. Schema Therapy (ST) an integrative has proposed as This currently...

Objective: After a concussion, 1 in 3 patients report persistent symptoms and experience long-term consequences interfering with daily functioning, known as concussion (PCS). Evidence suggests PCS is (partly) maintained by anxious thoughts about brain recovery, experienced symptoms, leading to avoidance behaviors, which may prevent from meeting life demands. We aimed investigate the efficacy of newly developed intensive exposure intervention for individuals after tackle behavior. Setting:...

This study investigated whether the schema therapy constructs of coping and modes have val dity in adolescents. We examined validity reliability Schema Coping Inventory (SCI) an 80-item version Mode (SMI) a mixed sample Confirmatory factor analyse showed that first-order structures SCI SMI were replicated, but hypothesized higher-order models not confirmed. Instead, we proposed alternative model Internalizing, Externalizing, Overachieving, Healthy modes. In general, scales able o distinguish...

This study examines the construct validity of Young Schema-Questionnaire at item level in a Dutch population. Possible bias items relation to presence or absence psychopathology, gender, and educational was analyzed, using cross-validation design. None YSQ exhibited differential functioning (DIF) for only one showed DIF level. Furthermore, analysis did not identify psychopathology as much 195 205 comprising YSQ. Ten items, however, spread over questionnaire, were found yield relatively...

Tics in Tourette Syndrome (TS) are often preceded by 'premonitory urges': annoying feelings or bodily sensations. We hypothesized that, reducing annoyance of premonitory urges, tic behaviour may be reinforced. In a 2X2 experimental design healthy participants, we studied the effects urges (operationalized as air puffs on eye) and (deliberate eye blinking after puff sound) changes subjective evaluation puffs, EMG responses m. orbicularis oculi. The group with puffs+ experienced decrease puff,...

D-cycloserine (DCS) is a partial N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor agonist that potentially augments response to exposure therapy in anxiety disorders by enhancing extinction learning. This randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled augmentation trial examined (1) the effectiveness of adding 125 mg DCS (before or directly after first 6 treatment sessions) patients with panic disorder agoraphobia and (2) preceding relative postexposure.Fifty-seven were allocated 1 3 medication conditions...