We consider the problem of estimating covariance two diffusion processes when they are observed only at discrete times in a non-synchronous manner. The modern, popular approach literature, realized estimator, which is based on (regularly spaced) synchronous data, problematic because choice regular interval size and data interpolation scheme may lead to unreliable estimation. propose new estimator free any `synchronization' processing original hence bias or other problems caused by it.

The nonlinear equation for the rotational vibration of a pair spur gears has restriction that analytical solution cannot be obtained. In this paper, linear is derived theoretically and its physical model, i.e., model presented. equation, which by method, agrees well with numerically calculated result equation. By analyzing in detail, we clarified relation between waveforms profile error gear pairs, also found effect contact ratio to large complex. equivalent error, accounting effects static...

We propose a methodology for evaluating the hedging errors of derivative securities due to discreteness trading times or observation market prices, both. Utilizing weak convergence approach, we derive asymptotic distributions as disappears in several situations. First, examine error discrete‐time when true strategy is known, which generalizes result Bertsimas, Kogan, and Lo (2000) continuous Itô processes. Then consider data‐driven strategy, unknown. This free parametric model assumptions,...

Dans le contexte de données à haute fréquences, il est fréquent recueillir les informations long d'une grille irrégilière, par exemple aux instants transaction pour financières. cet article, nous étudions comment l'estimation l'intégrale du carré, ou d'autres puissances, la volatilité affectée l'irrégularité des données. L'accent mis sur type d'hypothèses qu'il nécessaire faire répartition observations, en particulier lorsque celles-ci dépendent processus observé lui-même, façon obtenir un...

Abstract OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE We describe the case of an epidural arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in cervical spine draining only into and paravertebral plexus. An entirely AVF having such drainage is extremely rare. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 24-year-old man presented with a 4-month history gradually progressive sensory motor disturbances upper lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging magnetic angiography revealed peridural vascular lesion within canal compressing spinal cord from C5 to...

We propose a novel framework to investigate lead-lag relationships between two financial assets. Our bridges gap continuous-time modeling based on Brownian motion and the existing wavelet methods for analysis discrete-time models enables us analyze multiscale structure of effects. also present statistical methodology scale-by-scale effects in proposed develop an asymptotic theory applicable situation including stochastic volatilities irregular sampling. Finally, we report several numerical...

We experienced a case of neuroendocrine carcinoma ( NC ). The tumor developed in the cirrhotic liver 62‐year‐old Japanese man who had been infected with hepatitis C virus. cells showed high N / ratio, formed many rosettes, and expressed CD 56, synaptophysin, H ep P ar1 pancreatic duodenal homeobox 1. MIB 1 expression was 65%. Because both pancreas are derived from common endodermal layer during fetal development, we speculated that may have via interaction neurogenin 3, insulinoma‐associated...

OBJECTIVE AND IMPORTANCE We describe the case of an epidural arteriovenous fistula (AVF) in cervical spine draining only into and paravertebral plexus. An entirely AVF having such drainage is extremely rare. CLINICAL PRESENTATION A 24-year-old man presented with a 4-month history gradually progressive sensory motor disturbances upper lower extremities. Magnetic resonance imaging magnetic angiography revealed peridural vascular lesion within canal compressing spinal cord from C5 to T2....

Abstract A urethral caruncle is the most common disease of urethra in postmenopausal women. definitive diagnosis can usually be reached based on physical examination. Cross-sectional imaging performed when malignant tumor suspected, such as a carcinoma. No articles have discussed detailed caruncles. We present 3 patients with symptomatic caruncles who underwent magnetic resonance preoperatively.

This study addresses a fundamental, yet overlooked, gap between standard theory and empirical modelling practices in the OLS regression model y=Xβ+u with collinearity. In fact, while an estimated practice is desired to have stability efficiency its “individual estimates”, y itself has no capacity identify control collinearity X hence including selection process (MSP) would fill this unless controlled view of sampling theory. paper, first introducing new concept “empirically effective...

Cardiac angiosarcoma is a malignant tumor derived from vascular endothelium with dismal prognosis. The imaging findings of cardiac are nonspecific and endomyocardial pericardial biopsies have insufficient accuracy. For these reasons, the diagnosis sometimes difficult. Primary metastatic tumors tend to bleed easily, causing hemoptysis neurological symptoms. Brain metastases not often known be fatal when they cause hemorrhage. We report 27-year-old man diagnosed right atrium angiosarcoma, in...

This study is concerned with the"Internet meme", an image a brief message attached to Social Network Service (SNS) post expressing one's mood humorously. Internet memes have become popular especially among young users recently. Meme marketing, one of the growing corporate strategies designed for more effective online brand communication, has been evolving in environments where younger generations most active individuals and constitute majority virtual society today. The purpose this quantify...

Pseudoaneurysms of the peroneal artery around ankle joint have rarely been reported. We present case a 64-year-old man with pseudoaneurysm anterior perforating branch associated screw inserted from anterolateral distal tibia during arthrodesis. Endovascular treatment selective catheterization and coil embolization was successfully performed. The achieved bone union without delay, did not recur at 18-month follow-up.This is first report describing after Successful outcomes can be by...

Magnetic resonance (MR) angiography as a method for the long-term follow-up of cerebral arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) was assessed in 14 patients with AVMs. These were either untreated or treated transarterial embolization and/or stereotactic radiosurgery (gamma knife). Two-dimensional and three-dimensional (3D)-time-of-flight (TOF) techniques useful following AVMs small nidus few feeders drainers which had been only months previously. 3D-TOF MR contrast agent more visualizing vascular...