Basden, Thomas, and Souphasith (1998) demonstrated that false recall in collaborative trios is enhanced when group members feel under pressure to output items. In the present study, individuals, pairs, trios, quartets were presented with lists of words drawn from Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. Memory was tested high or low conditions. It found increased proportion size regardless pressure, but groups experiencing most items made a greater number errors. Furthermore, on surprise later...

In this study, we examined the role of mood-congruency and retention interval on false recognition emotion laden items using Deese/Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm. Previous research has shown a mood-congruent memory enhancement during immediate tasks. The present study persistence effect following one-week delay. Participants were placed in negative or neutral mood, presented with negative-emotion neutral-emotion DRM word lists, administered both delayed tests. Results showed that mood...

The present study examined age-by-mood interactions in prospective memory and the potential role of attentional control. Positive, negative, or neutral mood was induced young older adults. Subsequent time-based performance tested, incorporating a measure online control shifts between ongoing task via time monitoring behavior. Mood impaired young, but not older, Moderated mediation analyses showed that effects were mediated by changes monitoring. Results are discussed relation to findings...

Participants studied DRM words lists (Deese, 1959; Roediger & McDermott, 1995) and then completed a recognition test individually or in collaborative pair, trio, quartet. The groups' responses were compared to those of equivalent sized nominal groups. Non-studied critical lure word increased with group size these increases greatest for the rates facilitated as they lowered their response criterion thresholds towards all semantically related lists. Prior collaboration also enhanced later...

If an eyewitness is exposed to a co-witness statement that incorrectly blames innocent bystander for crime, the can be influenced by this and also blame crime. This effect known as conformity. In two studies, we examined whether or not degree of confidence expresses in her incorrect (Study 1) eyewitness's own level self-confidence 2). Participant eyewitnesses first watched crime video featuring perpetrator bystander, then read about either correctly blamed perpetrator, nobody (a control...

Abstract This study examined whether our ability to accurately estimate unfamiliar faces’ ages declines when they are wearing sunglasses or surgical-style face masks and these disguises make it harder later recognise those faces undisguised. In theory, both should harm age estimation accuracy recognition as occlude facial information that is used determine a face’s identity. To establish this the case, we had participants of were pictured no disguises, sunglasses, masks. The then completed...

Abstract The present study examined whether the degree to which participants engage in memory conformity, occurs when a person alters their report of an event be consistent with another person, can predicted by levels interrogative suggestibility (IS), is people are susceptible altering reports during questioning. Memory conformity was introduced having participant and confederate pairs words then complete social recognition test where they took turns make judgements same items. When...

This study examined whether or not exposing an eyewitness to a co-witness statement that incorrectly blames innocent bystander for crime can increase the likelihood of subsequently blaming crime. It also perceived age influences this effect. Participant eyewitnesses first watched video featuring perpetrator and bystander. They then read one six bogus statements about All were presented as having been written by female they differed in terms her (young adult elderly) who she blamed (the...

Acute cardiovascular exercise can enhance correct remembering but its impact upon false is less clear. In two experiments, we investigated the effect of acute bouts on and using Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) memory test. Experiment 1, healthy adults completed quiet rest or moderate intensity cycling prior to 2, a similar sample running, high sprints, period increased short-term correct, not false, recall. 2 replicated these findings also found an bout had no either type exercise, improve...

Jurors forget critical trial information and what they do recall can be inaccurate. Jurors’ of enhanced by permitting them to take notes during a onto blank sheets paper (henceforth called freestyle note taking). A recent innovation is the trial-ordered-notebook (TON) for jurors, which notebook containing headings outlining proceedings has space beneath each heading notes. In direct comparison, TON takers recalled more than takers. This study investigated whether or not taking improves as...

The police often appeal for eyewitnesses to events that were unlikely have been emotive when observed. An eyewitness, however, may be in a negative mood whilst encoding or retrieving such as can influenced by range of personal, social, and environmental factors. For example, bad weather induce mood. This experiment compared the impact neutral moods during and/or retrieval upon eyewitness recall non-emotive event. A had no number correct details recalled (provided participants at retrieval)...

Summary The present experiment examined whether attributions of blame for an incident can be shifted between individuals as a result leading eyewitness statement. Participants watched video accident involving two men and then read either non‐leading statement that blamed no one the or accident. Participants' were assessed immediately after 1 week delay. Regardless time delay, just over one‐third participants who subsequently same person eyewitness. In contrast, less than 4% men. This...

When one person alters his or her recollection of an event to be consistent with another person's erroneous account the same event, social contagion has occurred. In two studies, we examined whether alcohol consumption influences degree which people engage in contagion. Study 1, participants consumed alcohol, placebo, a soft drink and then completed collaborative recall test confederate who drink. 2, they believed had (but no was ever consumed). both made scripted errors during test. On...

Most crimes have multiple eyewitnesses. The police typically interview co-witnesses separately. In time-sensitive investigations, this could slow down evidence accumulation. Having collaboratively recall a crime potentially expedite However, past research shows that collaborative group members often conflicting retrieval strategies disrupt each other, degrading overall recall. This cost be overcome by aligning members’ with category clustering (CCR), which is strategy where information...

Summary Jurors forget critical trial information and this can influence their verdicts. This study assessed (1) whether or not note taking during a improves mock jurors' recall of (2) reviewing these notes prior to recalling the offers any additional enhancement. Mock jurors first watched video. Three‐quarters were permitted take whilst watching it. One‐third then reviewed notes, one‐third mentally only, completed filler task prevent form reviewing. The remainder took no also afterwards. All...

Individuals are better at recognizing faces from their own ethnic group compared with other ethnicity faces-the other-ethnicity effect (OEE). This finding is said to reflect differences in experience and familiarity ethnicities relative corresponding the viewers' ethnicity. However, own-ethnicity face recognition performance ranges considerably within a population, very poor extremely good. In addition, within-population on can also vary some individuals being classed as "other blind" (Wan...

Summary This study examined whether three sleep‐related variables (current sleepiness, the duration of previous night's sleep and quality that sleep) were predictors an eyewitness's ability to remember central peripheral details from a crime. Participants first completed self‐report questionnaire assessing their current then watched video bank robbery, next about sleep, had memory crime tested. It was found as eyewitnesses' decreased sleepiness increased, accurately recollect compromised. is...

Summary There are many situations in which a person must accurately estimate stranger's age. For example, salesperson the age of stranger who wishes to purchase age‐restricted goods. Information from eyes and hair can indicate their likely Here, two experiments examined whether adult participants' accuracy when estimating strangers' ages is reduced disguised by sunglasses and/or hat. The race also varied, social contact with other age/race groups measured. At best, estimations undisguised...

More cognitive resources are required to comprehend foreign-accented than native speech. Focusing these on resolving the acoustic mismatch between input and listeners' stored representations of spoken words can affect other processes. Across two studies, we explored whether processing speech reduces activation semantic information. This was achieved using DRM paradigm, in which participants study word lists typically falsely remember non-studied (i.e. critical lures) semantically associated...

Approximately 10% of all serious sexual assaults in England and Wales involve victims offenders who are strangers. The often estimate the stranger offender’s age during police interviews. These estimations, if accurate, can help identify offenders. This archival analysis examined accuracy 546 assault victims’ estimations. It also whether their be predicted by victim – offender differences, estimated race intoxication, duration exposure to offenders, time delay between have weapons, use...

Purpose Jurors swear to base their verdicts solely on the evidence presented at trial. Their recall of a trial during deliberation can, however, be inaccurate, exposing other jurors misinformation about This study examined whether who are exposed simulated deliberation, where supports prosecution's case, will misremember as appearing and more likely reach guilty verdict. It also allowing take notes trial, refer those throughout, stops these potentially harmful effects. Methods One hundred...