We report on our efforts to establish an animal model for the development and testing of a cortical visual prostheses. One-hundred-fifty-two electrodes were implanted in primary cortex rhesus monkey. The made from iridium with activated oxide film, which has large charge capacity given surface area, insulated parylene-C. One-hundred-fourteen functional after implantation. activity small (2-3) neuronal clusters was first recorded map visually responsive region corresponding each electrode....

Adaptation is ubiquitous in sensory processing. Although processing hierarchical, with neurons at higher levels exhibiting greater degrees of tuning complexity and invariance than those lower levels, few experimental or theoretical studies address how adaptation one hierarchical level affects others. Nevertheless, this issue critical for understanding cortical coding computation. Therefore, we examined whether perception high-level facial expressions can be affected by to low-level curves...

In this paper, we use an inexpensive wearable device called the Myo armband (199 USD) to implement a simple arm swinging algorithm that allows user freely explore HMD-based virtual environment. Using spatial orientation task directly compared our arm--swinging method joystick locomotion and physical walking. We find outperforms is comparable physically walking on foot. Our tracking systems permit foot exploration, does not suffer from space constraints, requires less energy than

When confronted with a scene of emotional faces, our brains automatically average the individual facial expressions together to create gist collective emotion.Here, we tested whether this ensemble averaging could also occur for attractiveness, and in turn shape two related face perception phenomena: adaptation cheerleader effect.In first experiments, showed that aftereffects indeed be shaped by statistics; viewing an increasingly unattractive group faces conversely increased attractiveness...

This paper discusses the application and adjustment of international marketing strategy in cross-cultural environment. With deepening global economic integration, has become an important way for enterprises to expand overseas markets. The article firstly analyzes background significance marketing, then elaborates on environment, including product strategy, channel pricing promotion strategy. Meanwhile, also challenges coping strategies puts forward corresponding suggestions. Through case...

How do we interpret the rapidly changing visual stimuli encounter? does our past experience shape perception? Recent work has suggested that system is able to multiple faces presented temporally via integration or ensemble coding. Visual adaptation widely used probe such short term plasticity. Here use an paradigm investigate whether averaging of emotional occurs during a rapid serial presentation (RSVP). In four experiments, tested RSVP distinct could induce aftereffects and these were...

Fine-grained ship-radiated noise recognition methods of different specific ships are in demand for maritime traffic safety and general security. Due to the high background complex transmission channels marine environment, accurate identification ship radiation becomes quite complicated. Existing noise-based systems still have some shortcomings, such as imperfection feature extraction algorithms, which lead distinguishing only type rather than identifying vessel. To address these issues, we...

Far red photon flux accelerates photosynthetic electron transfer rates through pigments, influencing various biological processes. In this study, we investigated the impact of differing and far-red light ratios on plant growth using LED lamps with different wavelengths Ca

Adaptation is fundamental in sensory processing and has been studied extensively within the same modality. However, little known about adaptation across modalities, especially context of high-level processing, such as perception emotion. Previous studies have shown that prolonged exposure to a face exhibiting one emotion, happiness, leads contrastive biases subsequently presented faces toward opposite sadness. Such work importance calibrating based on prior visual exposure. In present study,...

Eye tracking is a widely used tool for behavioral research in the field of psychology. With technological advancement, we now have specialized eye-tracking devices that offer high sampling rates, up to 2000 Hz, and allow measuring eye movements with accuracy. They also spatial resolution, which enables recording very small movements, like drifts microsaccades. Features parameters interest characterize need be algorithmically extracted from raw data as most trackers identify only basic...

The uncanny valley (UV) effect captures the observation that artificial entities with near-human appearances tend to create feelings of eeriness. Researchers have proposed many hypotheses explain UV effect, but visual processing mechanisms yet be fully understood. In present study, we examined if is as accessible in brief stimulus exposures compared long (Experiment 1). Forty-one participants, aged 21–31, rated each human-robot face presented for either a (50 ms) or duration (3 s) terms...

A rapid rise in the popularity of e-scooters has brought forth an increasing number e-scooter-related conflicts, crashes, and injuries to pedestrians many cities. There is a pressing need understand factors influencing severity injury involved e-scooter collisions. This paper investigates dynamics e-scooter-pedestrian collisions presents new method for relating probability severe head collision speed total 160 computer simulations representing different scenarios have been analyzed. Our...

This work introduces a coordinate-independent method to analyse movement variability of tasks performed with hand-held tools, such as pen or surgical scalpel. We extend the classical uncontrolled manifold (UCM) approach by exploiting geometry rigid body motions, used describe tool configurations. In particular, we during static pointing task tool, where subjects are asked keep tip in steady contact another object. this case is redundant respect task, control position/orientation i.e. 6...

Visual adaptation is a powerful tool to probe the short-term plasticity of visual system. Adapting local features such as oriented lines can distort our judgment subsequently presented lines, tilt aftereffect. The aftereffect believed be processed at low-level cortex, V1. Adaptation faces, on other hand, produce significant aftereffects in high-level traits identity, expression, and ethnicity. However, whether face necessitate awareness debatable. In current study, we investigated facial...

Self-motion generates patterns of optic flow on the retina. Neurons in dorsal part medial superior temporal area (MSTd) are selective for these patterns. It has been shown that neurons this expanding fields involved heading judgments. We wondered how subpopulations MSTd neurons, those tuned expansion, rotation or spiral motion, contribute to perception. To investigate question, we recorded from with diverse tuning properties, while animals performed a heading-discrimination task. found...