Quantitative fluorescence spectroscopic Mueller matrix measurements from the connective tissue regions of human cervical reveal intriguing diattenuation and polarizance effects. Interestingly, estimated linear parameters were considerably reduced in precancerous tissues as compared to normal ones. These polarimetry effects autofluorescence found originate anisotropically organized collagen molecular structures present tissues. Consequently, reduction magnitude these polarimetric at higher...

Photoacoustic imaging is a noninvasive technique having the advantages of high-optical contrast and good acoustic resolution at improved depths. Light transport in biological tissues mainly characterized by strong optical scattering absorption. microscopy capable achieving high-resolution images greater depth compared to conventional methods. In this work, we have developed high-resolution, photoacoustic (AR-PAM) system near infra-red (NIR) window II (NIR-II, eg, 1064 nm) for deep tissue...

Multiresolution analysis on the spatial refractive index inhomogeneities in epithelium and connective tissue regions of a human cervix reveals clear signature multifractality. Importantly, derived multifractal parameters, namely, generalized Hurst exponent width singularity spectrum, via detrended fluctuation analysis, shows interesting differences between tissues having different grades precancers. The refractive-index fluctuations are found to be more anticorrelated, strength...

Abstract Multifractal, a special class of complex self-affine processes, are under recent intensive investigations because their fundamental nature and potential applications in diverse physical systems. Here, we report on novel light scattering-based inverse method for extraction/quantification multifractality the spatial distribution refractive index biological tissues. The is based Fourier domain pre-processing via Born approximation, followed by Multifractal Detrended Fluctuation...

DIC (Differential Interference Contrast Image) images of cervical pre-cancer tissues are taken from epithelium region, on which wavelet transform and multi-fractal analysis applied. Discrete (DWT) through Daubechies basis done for identifying fluctuations over polynomial trends clear characterization differentiation tissues. A systematic investigation denoised is carried out the continuous Morlet wavelet. The scalogram reveals changes in coefficient peak values grade-I to grade-III. Wavelet...

Optical coherence tomography (OCT) enables us to monitor alterations in the thickness of retinal layer as disease progresses human retina. However, subtle morphological changes layers due early progression often may not lead detectable thickness. OCT images encode depth-dependent backscattered intensity distribution arising depth distributions refractive index from tissue microstructures. Here, such depth-resolved variations different were analyzed using multifractal detrended fluctuation...

The objective of the present work is to diagnose pre-cancer by wavelet transform and multi-fractal de-trended fluctuation analysis DIC images normal different grades cancer tissues. Our imaging methods (Discrete continuous transform, MFDFA) confirm ability detect early stage in cervical tissue.

A probabilistic robust diagnostic algorithm is very much essential for successful cancer diagnosis by optical spectroscopy. We report here support vector machine (SVM) classification to better discriminate the colon and cervical tissues from normal based on elastic scattering The efficacy of SVM with different kernel has been tested multifractal parameters like Hurst exponent, singularity spectrum width in order classify tissues.

We report the application of a hidden Markov model (HMM) on multifractal tissue optical properties derived via Born approximation-based inverse light scattering method for effective discrimination precancerous human cervical sites from normal ones. Two global fractal parameters, generalized Hurst exponent and corresponding singularity spectrum width, computed by detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA), are used here as potential biomarkers. develop methodology that makes use these parameters...

SignificanceSpatial frequency domain imaging (SFDI) and spatial spectroscopy (SFDS) are emerging tools to non-invasively assess tissues. However, the presence of aberrations can complicate processing interpretation.AimThis study develops a method characterize optical when performing SFDI/S measurements. Additionally, we propose post-processing compensate for these recover arbitrary subsurface properties.ApproachUsing custom SFDS system, extract absorption scattering coefficients from...

Most of the fundamental pathological processes in living tissues exhibit changes at nanoscale. Noninvasive, label-free detection structural biological samples pose a significant challenge to both researchers and healthcare professionals. It is highly desirable be able resolve these changes, during physiological processes, spatially temporally. Modern nanoscopy largely requires labeling, limited superficial 2D imaging, generally not suitable for vivo applications. Furthermore, it becoming...

The spatial fluctuations of the refractive index within biological tissues exhibit multifractal anisotropy, leaving its signature as a spectral linear diattenuation scattered polarized light. anisotropy has been quantitatively assessed by processing relevant Mueller matrix elements in Fourier domain, utilizing Born approximation and subsequent analysis. differential scaling exponent width singularity spectrum appear to be highly sensitive structural at micron/sub-micron length scales. An...

We report detection of cervical pre-cancer through their low coherence images by applying two dimensional multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis. Low coherent backscattered pre-cancerous tissue sections were captured using a common path interferometric setup. The contain both depth and lateral information the spatial variation in refractive index (RI) occurring with progression pre-cancer. A two-dimensional analysis (2D MFDFA) was applied on these to study variations fractal nature....

Fourier domain low coherence interferometry is a promising method for quantification of the depth distribution refractive index in layered scattering medium such as biological tissue. Here, we have explored backscattering spectral interferometric measurement combination with multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis to probe and quantify multifractality The resolution experimental system was validated on model systems comprising polystyrene microspheres mica sheet, initially tested turbid...

Corneal cross-linking (CXL) using UVA irradiation with a riboflavin photosensitizer has grown from an interesting concept to practical clinical treatment for corneal ectatic diseases globally, such as keratoconus. To characterize the structural changes, existing methods X-ray microscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), histology and optical coherence tomography have been used. However, these various drawbacks invasive detection, impossibility in vivo measurement, or limited...

Significance: Assessment of disease using optical coherence tomography is an actively investigated problem, owing to many unresolved challenges in early detection, diagnosis, and treatment response monitoring. The manifestation or precancer typically associated with subtle alterations the tissue dielectric ultrastructural morphology. In addition, biological known have multifractality. Aim: Detection characterization nanosensitive structural morphology multifractality submicron structure....

Spatial variation of refractive index (RI) in connective tissues exhibits multifractality, which encodes useful morphological and ultrastructural information about the disease. We present a spectral Mueller matrix (MM)-based approach combination with multifractal detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) to exclusively pick out signature underlying tissue multifractality through superficial epithelium layer. The method is based on inverse selected scattering MM elements encoding birefringence...

Approximately 90% of cancers originate in epithelial tissues leading to thickening, but the ultrastructural changes and underlying architecture are less well known.

Differential interference contrast images (DIC) are the direct representation of refractive index fluctuations human cervical tissues. These known to follow self-similar behaviour and in general multifractal nature. In this present study, detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) on from DIC has been performed by unfolding tissue-images horizontally vertically. Our clearly shows that tissues anisotropic-fractal nature anisotropy reduced as cancer progress.

A non-invasive means to determine lesion depth (I.e. Breslow Thickness) and an indirect, lesion-specific assessment of cellular morphology could substantially improve the efficacy melanoma screening. Such applications would be great benefit in aiding diagnosis, reducing number unnecessary biopsies, improving treatment options for patients. Using Spatial Frequency Domain Imaging (SFDI), we have developed a spectral method isolate depth-specific scattering properties hence, differentiate...

In this paper, we have carried out the detail studies of pre-cancer by wavelet coherency and multifractal based detrended fluctuation analysis (MFDFA) on differential interference contrast (DIC) images stromal region among different grades tissues. Discrete transform (DWT) through Daubechies basis has been performed for identifying fluctuations over polynomial trends clear characterization differentiation Wavelet coherence plots are level correlation in time scale plane between normal...