In this Letter we study the formation of metal clusters silver, indium, and europium embedded in helium droplets present spectroscopic (UV) evidence that, contrary to common belief, atoms can be stable inside droplets. Our method provides a beam up 2000 amu with precisely known temperature 0.37 K, 2 orders magnitude lower than previously achieved for free clusters. This dramatic decrease is important high resolution experiments opens door studies superconducting

The upscaling of perovskite solar cells to modules requires the patterning layer stack in individual that are monolithically interconnected series. This interconnection scheme is composed three lines, P1–P3, which scribed using a pulsed laser beam. P3 scribe intended isolate back contact neighboring cells, but often affected by undesired effects such as delamination, flaking, and poor electrical isolation. Herein, influence pulse duration on compositional properties lines investigated....

Solar cells based on ZnO nanorods with thin In2S3 shells have recently shown promising solar conversion efficiencies. Using optical-pump terahertz-probe (OPTP) spectroscopy, the charge separation across ZnO/In2S3 interfaces is analyzed for systematically varied absorber thicknesses, measuring transient photoconductivities subpicosecond time resolution. Whereas neat films photoconductivity dominated by fast multiple trapping and second order recombination, heterostructures exhibit slow...

Electron injection from photoexcited chemisorbed dyes into zinc oxide is known to proceed in a stepwise manner, yet the origin of retardation remains controversial. Here we present complementary time-resolved spectroscopy study on electron dynamics organic ZnO using model perylene derivatives with systematically lengthened bridge units clarify influence positively charged cation escape injected electron. The combination transient absorption, optical-pump terahertz-probe, and two-photon...

We report a good agreement between the shapes of tailored pulses obtained theoretically and experimentally by using optimal-control theory closed-loop learning technique to maximize ionization yield in NaK. The theoretical pulse are found be robust regarding choice initial guess. assign leading features processes underlying optimal control reveal mechanism which involves an electronic transition followed direct two-photon process sequential one-photon at later times. show that not only...

The role of orbital magnetism in the laser-induced demagnetization Fe∕Gd multilayers was investigated using time-resolved x-ray magnetic circular dichroism at 2ps time resolution given by an streak camera. An ultrafast transfer angular momentum from spin via to lattice observed which characterized rapidly thermalizing and momenta. Strong interlayer exchange coupling between Fe Gd led a simultaneous both layers.

The ultrafast injection dynamics, early recombination and spectral signatures of four systematically varied dye-metal oxide hybrid systems were investigated using transient absorption spectroscopy techniques. First, photoinduced electron transfer from two different perylene derivatives into zinc (ZnO) colloidal films is reported. Here, the electronic coupling chromophore 2,5-Di-tert-butyl-perylene-9-yl-propionic acid (1) to ZnO colloids was weaker than 2,5-Di-tert-butyl-perylene-9-yl-acrylic...

The impact of the chemical environment on heterogeneous electron transfer processes two perylene derivatives chemically bound to ZnO or TiO2 colloids in a film was investigated by means absorption and fluorescence spectroscopy. molecules varied their electronic coupling between moiety carboxylic acid group, which also dyes semiconductor surface. Significantly different excited state dipole moments for were found certain perylene−solvent interactions attributed intramolecular charge...

The influence of growth temperature induced phase segregation and crystallinity in ZnPc:C60 blend films on the charge generation recombination dynamics is investigated with optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy. While an ultrafast photo-induced process observed for all morphologies, a subsequent sub-nanosecond photoconductivity rise depends segregation. For higher intensities, signal dominated by morphology-dependent bimolecular process. High local mobilities minimal μ ∼ 0.3 cm2/Vs are...

The fluorescence from living bacteria (Bacillus subtilis, Enteroccocus and Escherichia coli), induced by a ultrashort 270 nm pump pulse is depleted up to 50% an optically delayed ultrafast 810 probe in pump-probe arrangement. fast (subpicosecond) decrease occurs for delay of Δt>2ps. Depletion also observed tryptophan water contrast with organic cyclic molecules such as naphtalene or diesel fuel, despite similar absorption spectra. This remarkable difference allows us propose new...

Control pulse cleaning (CPC) is the process of experimentally removing extraneous control field features in a closed-loop quantum dynamics optimization experiment. We demonstrate CPC ionization processes model systems ${\mathrm{K}}_{2}$ and NaK by applying evolution strategies during closed loop shaping fs pulses. The technique operates genetic pressure on spectral components with appropriate cost functions, investigated case weak $({\mathrm{K}}_{2})$ strong (NaK). A Pareto-optimal curve...

It is well-known that the efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells can be improved by controlling interface energetics using molecular modifiers. Whereas this leads to a beneficial band level shifting, it also affects interfacial electron injection and recombination dynamics. Here we demonstrate significant retardation process loss ultrafast components coadsorbing inert gases solvents with increasing dipole moments on TiO2/perylene interface. Model perylene dyes different electronic...

The relaxation and transport dynamics of photoexcited carriers in $p$-type stoichiometric polycrystalline CuInSe${}_{2}$ is investigated by optical-pump terahertz-probe spectroscopy. For all time delays temperatures studied, the optically measured photoconductivity exhibits a characteristic free carrier Drude response, which allows analyzing scattering phenomena detail. hot distribution initially present after photoexcitation found to relax within first 200 ps electron-phonon interaction...

Absolute calibrated hyperspectral photoluminescence (PL) imaging is utilized to access, in a simple and fast way, the spatial distribution of relevant solar cell parameters such as quasi‐Fermi level splitting, optical diode factor, Urbach energies E u , shunt resistances R sh without need for electrical measurements. Since these metrics play significant role evaluating process windows series interconnection by laser patterning, this approach followed systematically locate quantify losses...

One parameter control experiments are carried out on two simple model systems with different complexities, the dimer NaK and trimer Na2K. The influence of most important pulse features in formally found optimal results investigated independently for both molecules: chirp separation subpulses trains. For molecules, photoinduced processes under transient three photon ionizations. Studies presented that reveal dependence measured ion yield applied chirps separations. trains consisting several...

Closed-loop optimal quantum control experiments operate in the inherent presence of laser noise. In many applications, attaining high quality results [i.e., a signal-to-noise $(S∕N)$ ratio for optimized objective] is as important producing yield. Enhancement $S∕N$ will typically be competition with mean signal, however, latter can balanced by biasing optimization towards higher yields while retaining good ratio. Other strategies also direct to reduce standard deviation statistical signal...

Laser-based patterning for monolithic serial interconnection of metal halide perovskite (MHP) solar cells is a key process industrial manufacturing large-scale MHP panels. It requires reliable parameters to achieve low losses and, thus, high efficiencies. Here, P2 laser the layer was obtained by ablation using conventional nanosecond pulses at systematically varied fluences. The correlation impact morphology, composition, and electrical functionality analyzed in detail several...

Friction losses are an important parameter for evaluating the operational behaviour of high-speed rolling bearings. Specifically, in machine tool applications, bearings subjected to high radial loads and speeds, which lead increased forces contact and, as a result, bearing friction. In this application, hybrid spindle bearings, typically made ceramic balls steel raceways, show better frictional compared full steel-made Therefore, precise knowledge friction characteristics can improve models...

Closed loop optimization of fs pulse shapes is investigated on the model systems consisting small mixed alkali clusters. By controlling photo-excited wave packet dynamics multi-photon fragmentation and ionization NamKn clusters are optimized. The resultant optimized carry fingerprints chosen dynamical pathways involved molecules. dependence with cluster size additionally by gradually shifting distribution towards larger masses. resulting modification forms offers new insights into competing...