The increased linear energy transfer (LET) at the end of Bragg peak causes concern for an elevated and spatially varying relative biological effectiveness (RBE) proton therapy (PT), often in or close to dose-limiting normal tissues. In this study, we investigated dose-averaged LET (LETd) distributions spot scanning PT prostate cancer patients using different beam angle configurations. addition, derived RBE-weighted (RBEw) dose related tissue complication probabilities (NTCPs) rectum...

Following deglaciation during the final stages of Pleistocene, vast landscapes became increasingly accessible for human dispersal. With no historical analogs, it remains uncertain how people were adapting to these unknown and often unstable environments whether dispersals sustained or characterized by local retreat extinction events. We here address uncertainties using climate niche modeling investigate relationship between archaeological record such a dispersal event: Late Upper Paleolithic...

Abstract Parasitoid sex ratios can be greatly influenced by mating and dispersal behaviour. Many ratio models assume that is strictly local (only mated females disperse from the natal patch) a single male sufficient to inseminate all in brood. Bethylids (aculeate parasitoids) have been used test predictions of these models, but less attention has paid testing their underlying assumptions. We investigated timing eclosion, mixed‐sex single‐sex broods bethylid wasp Goniozus nephantidis. In...

Herbivorous waterfowl populations have increasingly adapted to forage on agricultural land and triggered a parallel rise in damage crops. Winter wheat (Triticum aestivum) is the most commonly reported crop damaged northern Europe, farmers demand management actions mitigate economic impacts. Here, we apply two approaches (exclosure experiments undisturbed fields yield assessments subject scaring) quantify impact of grazing winter yield, height nutrient content. We demonstrate that led...

Background and purposeProton therapy (PT) of extra-cranial tumour sites is challenged by density changes caused inter-fractional organ motion. In this study we investigate on-line dose-guided PT (DGPT) to account target motion, exemplified internal motion in the pelvis.Materials methodsOn-line DGPT involved re-calculating dose distributions with isocenter shifted up 15 mm from position corresponding conventional soft-tissue based image-guided (IGPT). The method was applied patient models...

Background and purposeFocal tumour boosting is currently explored in radiotherapy of prostate cancer to increase control. In this study we applied dose response models for both control normal tissue complications explore the benefit proton therapy (PT) combined with focal boosting, also when accounting inter-fractional motion.Materials methodsCT scans seven patients fused MRI-based index volumes were used. Two volumetric modulated arc (VMAT) plans created each patient; one conventional (77...

Photons and protons have fundamentally different properties, i.e. a reduced dose bath but higher relative biological effectiveness. Photon-based normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) models may therefore not immediately be applicable to proton therapy (PT). The aim was derive parameters of the Lyman-Kutcher-Burman (LKB) NTCP model using prospectively recorded late morbidity data from PT, focusing on rectal prostate cancer.Prospectively collected were available for 1151 cancer...

The Late Upper Palaeolithic Hamburgian tradition reflects the earliest known human presence in northern Europe after Last Glacial Maximum. We report here on open-air site of Jels 3 (Denmark) and its associated stone tool assemblage, which can be unambiguously attributed to this period. Along with only a handful other sites, represents northernmost limits expansion at time. conduct technological analysis lithic material from relevant sites shed new light behavioral processes that likely...

During road construction work, material attributed to the Final Palaeolithic was discovered at Skovmosen I, near Kongens Lyngby on Zealand, eastern Denmark. Although it is regularly mentioned in reviews of southern Scandinavian Palaeolithic, I assemblage has hitherto remained poorly described. We here review site’s discovery history and its context. Aided by a three-dimensional digital recording protocol, this article details composition technology. The comprised tanged points, scrapers...

ConclusionsOver a long period, our proton therapy facility has been reliable and accurate in its delivery.As the correctness of each steering file is anyway independently checked by dose calculation based directly on content file, we are therefore proposing to move new QA strategy.This will consist weekly dosimetric verifications only standard quasi-randomly selected field, ensure consistency performance facility.This policy improve workflow issues caused obligatory field-byfield...

Purpose/Objective: At the Beatson Cancer Centre, we have developed a novel treatment delivery technique for our SABR lung patients.This involves an 'arms down' patient set-up, utilising thermoplastic thorax immobilisation, 4DCT-based planning, and online CBCT verification prior to each fraction VMAT delivered IMRT assess effectiveness of set-up using quantify associated intrafraction motion, on-treatment pre post was carried out.Here, report results first 28 patients.Materials Methods:...

Bill Finlayson and Graeme Warren, eds. The Diversity of Hunter-Gatherer Pasts (Oxford & Philadelphia: Oxbow Books, 2017, 204 pp., 21 b/w illustr., 8 tables, pbk, ISBN 978-1-78570-588-5) - Volume Issue 4