Lodging is one of the constraints that limit wheat yields and quality due to unexpected bending or breaking stems on (Triticum aestivum L.) production worldwide. In addition choosing lodging resistance varieties, husbandry practices also have a significant effect lodging. Nitrogen management most common efficient methods. A field experiment with Yangmai 20 as research material (a widely-used variety) was conducted study effects different nitrogen levels ratios culm morphological, anatomical...

Soil salinity is a worldwide issue that affects wheat production. A comprehensive understanding of salt-tolerance mechanisms and the selection reliable screening indices are crucial for breeding salt-tolerant cultivars. In this study, 30 genotypes (obtained from rapid 96 original varieties) were chosen to investigate existing methods clarify tolerance in wheat. Ten-day-old seedlings treated with 150 mM NaCl. Eighteen agronomic physiological parameters measured. The results indicated effects...

Abstract Background The number grain per panicle of rice is an important phenotypic trait and a significant index for variety screening cultivation management. methods that are currently used to count the grains manually conducted, making them labor intensive time consuming. Existing image-based counting had difficulty in separating overlapped grains. Results In this study, we aimed develop image analysis-based method quickly quantify panicle. We compared accuracy several among different...

Grain number is crucial for analysis of yield components and assessment effects cultivation measures. The grain per spike thousand-grain weight can be measured by counting grains manually, but it time-consuming, tedious error-prone. Previous image processing algorithms cannot work well with different backgrounds sizes. This study used deep learning methods to resolve the limitations traditional algorithms. Wheat datasets were collected in scenarios three varieties, six background two...

The maturity date of soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merr.) is sensitive to photoperiod, which varies with latitude and growing seasons. group (MG) system, composed 13 MGs, a major approach in characterizing varieties' ecological properties adaptable areas. A total 512 world varieties, including 48 MG checks, were tested at site (Nanjing, 32.04°N) portions supplementary sites (Heihe, 50.22°N; Mudanjiang, 44.60°N; Jining, 35.38°N Nanning, 22.84°N) China explore the world-wide distribution. varied...

Abstract Waxy wheat has unique end-use properties; however, its production is limited due mainly to low grain yield compared with non-waxy wheat. In order increase yield, it critical understand the eco-physiological differences in filling between waxy and this study, two cultivars were used investigate starch-associated enzymes processes, sucrose starch dynamics, components, final yield. The results indicated that mean total amylose content, average 1000-kernel weight of lower than those at...

The basic leucine zipper (bZIP) transcription factors have crucial roles in plant stress responses. In this study, the bZIP family gene SlbZIP38 (GenBank accession No: XM004239373) was isolated from a tomato (Solanum lycopersicum cv. Ailsa Craig) mature leaf cDNA library. DNA sequence of encodes protein 484 amino acids, including highly conserved DNA-binding domain C-terminal region. We found that differentially expressed various organs and downregulated by drought, salt stress, abscisic...

The aggravation of ozone (O 3 ) pollution poses a significant threat to agricultural production. With China being the leading wheat producer world, contributing 17.8% global output, vulnerability O is particular concern. Despite extensive research on impacts production and ongoing development new cultivars over years, connection between yield loss released ages under stress remains unestablished. Addressing this, experiment was carried out at Yangzhou Rice Wheat Free-air Gas Concentration...

Abstract BACKGROUND Ozone (O 3 ), a widespread air pollutant, significantly impairs crop growth and development, with wheat, the second largest by planting area of world, being especially vulnerable. This study, conducted under Free Air Concentration Enrichment (FACE) conditions, focused on four wheat cultivars from middle lower reaches Yangtze River, investigating effects elevated O growth, physiology quality. RESULTS Elevated levels impaired assimilate accumulation mobilization in grains,...

Phosphorus (P) is one of the most widely occurring nutrients for development and growth wheat. In this study, effects P application amount on grain yield, protein content, phosphorus use efficiency (PUE) were studied by agronomic management fertilizer spring weak-gluten wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) grown under field conditions 2 yr. The experiments performed at five levels P2O5 amount, including 0, 72, 108, 144, 180 kg ha−1. As a result, with increase in fertilizer, agricultural (AEP)...

Understanding the dynamics of soil microbial communities and factors that affect those is crucial for comprehending processes affecting fertility in agricultural ecosystems. Here, we used shotgun DNA sequencing to characterise 29 flooded paddies China's Yangtze River Basin, comparatively analysed composition function with 132 from North South America's rainfed cropland. We hypothesised community diversity functional are predominantly determined by edaphic properties land-use history, rather...

Nitrogen fertilizer is an important component of crop production; however, its excessive application could result in N loss that have serious environmental concerns. Straw incorporation the soil after harvest one most feasible straw management techniques, optimization nitrogen (N) and maize to modulate yield maintain balance sweet corn necessary get better yields on a sustained basis. The present study was comprised two treatments i.e., (i) no return (S0), (ii) crushed ears by into using...

Genetic improvement has promoted grain yield and nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) of wheat during the past decades, therefore, NUE cultivars were high as compared to previous in Yangtze River Basin since 2000s. However, critical traits mechanisms higher are not known. To explore these new cultivars, 21 local cultivated for three growing seasons from 2016 2019. Significantly positive correlations observed between years. The grouped into high, medium, low groups (abbreviated HH, MM, LL,...

Abstract Controlled‐release nitrogen fertilizer (CRNF) is expected to meet the nutrient demands for crop growth with single application, so as achieve high‐yield, high‐efficiency, and labor‐saving cultivation. However, under current CRNF practices, a application of in winter wheat ( Triticum aestivum L.) usually fails satisfactory effects due insufficient (N) supply later stage, contributing premature leaf senescence poor grain filling. To determine reasonable strategy improving weight yield...

The number of cultivated wheat seedlings per unit area allows calculation plant density. Wheat seedling density provides emergence data and this is useful for improving crop management. typically determined by visual counts but time-consuming laborious.We obtained field digital images 1st to 3rd leaf stage seedlings. were extracted using an image analysis technique that calculated the coverage degree angular points overlapping leaves. quantity estimation model was constructed multivariate...

Abstract Suitable tillage and seeding strategies for wheat can be used to combat excessive residues poor soil conditions in harvested rice fields. This study investigated the effects of different (zero rotary tillage) methods on growth, grain yield, nitrogen (N) uptake utilization, economic benefit when moisture was high during practices. In 2016–2017, three seeders were tested: SM1-1, SM2, SM3; 2017–2018, four SM1-2, SM3, SM4. Although between years, zero could reduce sowing depth, which...

Environmental conditions (precipitation, temperature and soil properties) differ greatly in different regions have dual effects on the wheat growth nutrient release of slow-release fertilizer (SRF). Conventional fertilization methods such as multiple-split application urea one-time SRF may difficulty achieving a stable high yield nitrogen (N) efficiency various environments. Therefore, exploration rational strategy is needed for improving its stability regions. A two-year field experiment...