Abstract Recent associative models of cognitive control hypothesize that can be learned (optimized) for task‐specific settings via associations between perceptual, motor, and representations, and, once learned, implemented rapidly. Midfrontal brain areas signal the need control, is subsequently by biasing sensory boosting or suppressing activity in processing task‐relevant task‐irrelevant information. To assess timescale this process, we employed EEG. In order to pinpoint implementation...

Reward prediction errors (RPEs) are thought to drive learning. This has been established in procedural learning (e.g., classical and operant conditioning). However, empirical evidence on whether RPEs declarative learning–a quintessentially human form of learning–remains surprisingly absent. We therefore coupled the acquisition Dutch-Swahili word pairs a paradigm. Signed (SRPEs; "better-than-expected" signals) during improved recognition follow-up test, with increasingly positive leading...

Abstract Based on reward and difficulty information, people can strategically adjust proactive cognitive control. fMRI research shows that motivated control is implemented through fronto‐parietal networks are triggered by cues. Here, we investigate electrophysiological signatures of Previously, the contingent negative variation (CNV) in ERPs oscillatory power theta (4–8 Hz) alpha band (8–14 have been suggested as implementation. However, experimental designs did not always separate...

Recent behavioral evidence implicates reward prediction errors (RPEs) as a key factor in the acquisition of episodic memory. Yet, important neural predictions related to role RPEs memory remain be tested. Humans (both sexes) performed novel variable-choice task where we experimentally manipulated and found support for with fMRI. Our results show that line previous observations, accuracy increases magnitude signed (i.e., better/worse-than-expected) (SRPEs). Neurally, observe SRPEs are encoded...

In recent years, several hierarchical extensions of well-known learning algorithms have been proposed. For example, when stimulus-action mappings vary across time or context, the brain may learn two more in separate modules, and additionally (at a hierarchically higher level) to appropriately switch between those modules. However, how mechanistically coordinates neural communication implement such remains unknown. Therefore, current study tests computational model that proposed midfrontal...

Abstract Cognitive control is supported by theta band (4-7Hz) neural oscillations coordinating populations for task implementation. Task performance has been shown to depend on amplitude but a second critical aspect of oscillations, its peak frequency, mostly overlooked. Using modelling, behavioral and electrophysiological recordings, we show that adapt demands shifting towards the optimal frequency.

An eyeblink has a clear effect on low-level information processing because it temporarily occludes all visual information. Recent evidence suggests that eyeblinks can also modulate higher level processes (e.g., attentional resources), and vice versa. Despite these putative effects different levels of processing, are typically neglected in vision consciousness research. The main aim this study was to investigate the timing an increasingly popular paradigm research, namely breaking continuous...

Cognitive theories on consciousness propose a strong link between and working memory (WM). This is also present at the neural level: Both WM have been implicated in prefrontal parietal network. However, remains empirically unexplored. The study investigates relation by studying impact of load one aspect consciousness, threshold for subjective visibility. At same time, we investigated how affects cognitive control, function that has to consciousness. Results showed an increase visibility when...

Abstract A growing body of behavioral evidence implicates reward prediction errors (RPEs) as a key factor in the acquisition episodic memory. Yet, important neural predictions related to role RPE declarative memory remain be tested. Using novel variable-choice task, we experimentally manipulated RPEs and found support for on level with fMRI. Specifically, demonstrate that trial-specific responses ventral striatum (during learning) predict strength subsequent recollection). Furthermore,...

Learning based on reward prediction error (RPE) was originally proposed in the context of non-declarative memory. We postulate that RPE may support declarative memory as well. Indeed, recent years have witnessed a number independent empirical studies reporting effects In this paper, we provide brief overview these studies, point out emerging patterns, and identify open issues such role signed versus unsigned RPEs learning.

Event Abstract Back to Signed reward prediction errors drive declarative learning Kate Ergo1*, Esther De Loof1, Lien Naert1, Clio Janssens1, Filip Van Opstal2 and Tom Verguts1 1 Ghent University, Department of Experimental Psychology, Belgium 2 University Amsterdam, Netherlands For humans show optimal cognitive functioning, the brain must continuously make predictions. One features we predictions about, is reward. Whenever there a mismatch between that was predicted actually obtained,...

Recent evidence suggests that reward prediction errors (RPEs) play an important role in declarative learning, but its neurophysiological mechanism remains unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis RPEs modulate learning via theta-frequency oscillations, which have been related to memory encoding prior work. For purpose, examined interaction between RPE and transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) learning. Using a between-subject (real versus sham stimulation group), single-blind...

Abstract In recent years, several hierarchical extensions of well-known learning algorithms have been proposed. For example, when stimulus-action mappings vary across time or context, the brain may learn two more in separate modules, and additionally (at a hierarchically higher level) to appropriately switch between those modules. However, how mechanistically coordinates neural communication implement such learning, remains unknown. Therefore, current study tests computational model that...

Abstract Recent evidence suggests that reward prediction errors (RPEs) play an important role in declarative learning, but its neurophysiological mechanism remains unclear. Here, we tested the hypothesis RPEs modulate learning via theta-frequency oscillations, which have been related to memory encoding prior work. For purpose, examined interaction between RPE and transcranial Alternating Current Stimulation (tACS) learning. Using a between-subject (real versus sham stimulation group),...