Oxytocin (OXT) receptors (OXTRs) are prominently expressed in hippocampal CA2 and CA3 pyramidal neurons, but little is known about its physiological function. As the functional necessity of for social memory processing, we tested whether OXTRs may contribute to long-term recognition (SRM) formation. Here, found that conditional deletion Oxtr from forebrain ( −/− ) or CA2/CA3a-restricted excitatory neurons adult male mice impaired persistence SRM had no effect on sociability preference...

Abstract In addition to the regulation of social and emotional behaviors, hypothalamic neuropeptide oxytocin has been shown stimulate neurogenesis in adult dentate gyrus; however, mechanisms underlying action are still unclear. Taking advantage conditional knockout mouse model, we show here that endogenous signaling functions a non-cell autonomous manner regulate survival maturation newly generated granule cells hippocampus via receptors expressed CA3 pyramidal neurons. Through bidirectional...

Extrapituitary prolactin (Prl) is produced in humans and rodents; however, little known about its vivo regulation or physiological function. We now report that autocrine required for terminal mammary epithelial differentiation during pregnancy production regulated by the Pten–PI3K–Akt pathway. Conditional activation of PI3K–Akt pathway glands virgin mice either Akt1 expression Pten deletion rapidly induced accompanied synthesis milk despite absence lobuloalveolar development. Surprisingly,...

Symmetry is an important cue in face perception. We manipulated symmetry and other configurational variables to study their role processing the human brain. employed 2 types of symmetry: image (where one part defined as mirrored transform about axis) object spatial relationships among components are interpreted parts a symmetric 3-dimensional object). compared blood oxygenation level dependent responses healthy observers for upright front-view faces with different symmetry-controlled images....

Increased glucose utilization is a hallmark of human cancer that used to image tumors clinically. In this widely application, uptake by monitored positron emission tomography the labeled analogue 2[(18)F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG). Despite its widespread clinical use, cellular and molecular mechanisms determine FDG uptake--and underlie heterogeneity observed across cancers-remain poorly understood. study, we compared in mammary driven Akt1, c-MYC, HER2/neu, Wnt1, or H-Ras oncogenes...

High matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) expression is associated with enhanced breast cancer growth and metastasis also might predict poor prognosis. In this study, we further investigated the functional role of MMP1 how it upregulated in multi-drug resistant (MDR) cells. By retrieving microarray data GEO datasets survival Kaplan Meier plotter, observed that significantly MCF-7/ADR cells compared to parental MCF-7 cells, while high worse overall (OS) recurrence free (RFS) patients after...

Emotional intelligence can positively impact sales outcomes. However, research is needed to enhance our understanding about how salesperson's emotional affects adaptive selling and customer This study uses dyadic data from 150 customers matched with 25 salespeople investigate relationships among intelligence, (AS) loyalty perceptions. Research findings show that regulation of emotions negatively salesperson-owned (SOL), while it moderates the AS-SOL relationship. These are critical as they...

Objective: Reconstructing the anterior mandible in patients with irradiated and contracted soft tissues remains challenging despite advances computer-assisted design three-dimensional printing. Unpredictable soft-tissue changes reduce effectiveness of these technologies. This paper explores an alternative using a single-adjustable-osteotomy fibula flap technique. Methods: A retrospective study was performed on segmental mandibular defects due to recurrent tumors, secondary reconstruction, or...

We used a dual–masking paradigm to study how contrast discrimination can be influenced by the presence of adjacent stimuli. The task observer was detect target superimposed on pedestal in flankers. flankers (i) reduce threshold at zero contrast, (ii) shift versus (TvC) function horizontally left log–log plot high contrasts, and (iii) size facilitation low contrasts. horizontal contrasts suggests that flanker effect is multiplicative factor cannot explained previous models discrimination....

Single-cell responses in visual cortex to a target falling within their receptive field can be modified by collinear flanking stimuli concurrently presented outside the field. Here, we report presence of four types contrast-dependent lateral effects: (1) facilitation at low contrasts and suppression high contrasts, (2) that increases with contrast, (3) (4) contrasts. We propose sensitivity modulation model accounts for all effects changes two parameters. In this model, activation neighboring...

To study spatial interactions corresponding to the non-classical receptive field organization for human vision, we used a dual-masking paradigm measure how target contrast discrimination can be affected by relative location of flankers. The observers' task was detect 4 cycle/deg vertical Gabor superimposed on matching pedestal in presence flankers were either (i) collinear with and varying distance or (ii) at fixed from but axis. Compared no-flanker condition, decreased threshold low...

In a reaction time task, people typically slow down following an error or conflict, each called post-error slowing (PES) and post-conflict (PCS). Despite many studies of the cognitive mechanisms, neural responses PES PCS continue to be debated. this study, we combined high-density array EEG stop-signal task examine event-related potentials in sixteen young adult participants. The results showed that amplitude N2 is greater during but not PCS. contrast, peak latency longer for PES....

Material surface topography has been shown to affect the biological behavior of cells in vitro; however, vivo effect on peripheral nerve regeneration not explored. Here, we studied potential a microtube array sheet (MTAS) with unique longitudinal promote efficiency, both and vitro. Schwann cells, spinal cord motor neurons, dorsal root ganglion neurons were seeded MTAS study construct properties behaviors neural cells. The guided oriented migration without affecting other critical properties,...

The human visual system is sensitive to both luminance (first-order) and contrast (second-order) modulations in an image. A linear-nonlinear-linear model commonly used explain processing of second-order patterns. Here we a pattern-masking paradigm compare first-order mechanisms characterize the nonlinear properties underlying them. carriers were either high-frequency horizontal grating (8 c/°) or binary random dot pattern; they added vertical low-frequency (2 sinusoidal (first-order stimuli)...