Phosphatidylserine (PS) has skewed distributions in the plasma membrane and is preferentially located inner leaflet of normal cells. Tumour cells, however, expose PS at outer cell surfaces, thereby potentially modulating bio-signalling Interestingly, exosomes - or, more properly, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) which are secreted from tumour enriched with externalized PS, have been proposed as being involved progression cancers, could be used a marker for diagnostics. However, sEV...

Abstract The development of a new large‐scale purification protocol is required for research on the reliable bioactivity and drug discovery extracellular vesicles (EVs). To address this issue, herein, we propose an effective method preparing high‐performance exosomes (EXOs) by using anion‐exchange method. Cytotoxic T‐lymphocyte (CTL) EVs from 4 L culture supernatant through 220 nm cut‐off filter are divided into two populations at deproteinization rate over 99.97%, which eluted low (0.15...

A miniaturized very-high-frequency- driven inductively coupled plasma jet source has been developed for the production of high-temperature and high-density plasmas in a small space, its application to localized ultrahigh-rate etching silicon wafers studied. The consists 1-mm-diam discharge tube with fine nozzle 0.1 mm diameter at one end three-turn solenoidal antenna wound around it. electron density atmospheric-pressure argon jets blowing out from was estimated be 1014–1015 cm−3 by means...

Extracellular vesicles (EVs) including exosomes and microvesicles have attracted considerable attention in the fields of cell biology medicine. For a better understanding EVs further exploration their applications, development analytical methods for biological nanovesicles has been required. In particular, considering heterogeneity EVs, capable measuring individual are desired. Here, we report that on-chip immunoelectrophoresis can provide useful method differential protein expression...

Extracellular vesicles including exosomes have the potential to be used in therapeutic and diagnostic applications. Towards noninvasive diagnosis of prostate cancer using urinary exosomes, technical challenges lie developing precise methods analyzing exosomes. Previously, we developed an on-chip microcapillary electrophoresis (µCE) system equipped with a laser dark-field microscope. The zeta cells was found larger than that normal cells. In this study, evaluated after treating sialidase....

A miniaturized atmospheric-pressure thermal plasma jet source has been developed as a sensitive detector of portable liquid analysis system that can fulfil various requirements `on-site' analysis. The design required for achieving higher power transfer efficiency to the studied mainly so it be operated with commercially available compact VHF transmitter. device is planar-type inductively coupled (ICP) consists ceramic chip engraved discharge tube and planar metallic antenna serpentine...

Studying cell functions for cellomics studies often requires the use of purified individual cells from mixtures various kinds cells. We have developed a new non-destructive on-chip sorting system single based cultivation, by exploiting advantage microfluidics and electrostatic force. The consists following two parts: chip made poly-dimethylsiloxane (PDMS) on 0.2-mm-thick glass slide, an image analysis with phase-contrast/fluorescence microscope. unique features our include (i) identification...

Abstract Dendritic spine generation and elimination play an important role in learning memory, the dynamics of which have been examined within neocortex vivo . Spine turnover has also detected absence specific tasks, is frequently exaggerated animal models autistic spectrum disorder (ASD). The present study aimed to examine whether baseline rate was activity-dependent. This achieved using a microfluidic brain interface open-dura surgery, with goal abolishing neuronal Ca 2+ signaling visual...

In this review, we discuss the progress of emerging dry processes for nanoscale fabrication. Experts in fields plasma processing have contributed to addressing increasingly challenging demands achieving atomic-level control material selectivity and physicochemical reactions involving ion bombardment. The discussion encompasses major challenges shared across science technology community. Focus is placed on advances development fabrication technologies materials, especially metallic...

The electrochemical performances of three types polyaniline (PANI)-based films developed as pH-sensing electrodes were evaluated and compared. PANI emeraldine base (PANI-EB), salt (PANI-ES), PANI-ES/polyvinyl acetate (PVAc) composite spin coated on fluorine-doped tin oxide (FTO) glass substrates to fabricate electrodes. surface morphology, wetting properties, properties characterized Unprotonated PANI-EB had a regular structure with residual flakes, whereas protonated PANI-ES PANI-ES/PVAc...

Micro-Raman spectroscopic analysis of a fossil sample Vicarya callosa japonica was performed to investigate the chemical process fossilization. The sample, originating from Miocene Katsuta Group, Okayama prefecture, southwestern Japan, had conical shell body with multiple protuberances on outer layer. interior filled carbonate sediment. Raman mapping combined principal component (PCA) and partial least squares regression (PLSR) were sample. Well-preserved, in vivo aragonite found be...

Cubic boron nitride (cBN) films were prepared on 2×2 cm2 Si(100) substrates from the B2H6+N2+He+Ar system at 900 °C by low pressure inductively coupled plasma (ICP) enhanced chemical vapor deposition. ICP was generated 13.56-MHz 7-kW input 1×10−3 Torr. The effects of sheath potential formation polymorphism have been mainly investigated. Films deposited various self-bias potentials varying an auxiliary radio-frequency power to substrate. measured emissive probe method 11 mm above substrate...

A new dry cleaning technology for removal of silicon (Si) native oxides from contact holes employing a hot ammonium (NH3)/nitrogen trifluoride (NF3) mixture has been studied. The NH3/NF3 heated at high temperature in quartz tube enabled etching the dioxide (SiO2) film placed downstream region. mechanism reaction which was investigated using in-situ infrared spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron analysis revealed as follows: NF3 alone decomposed above 600°C, probably producing NFx (x=1, 2)...

Cubic boron nitride (c-BN) films have been prepared by low pressure inductively coupled plasma-enhanced chemical vapor deposition (ICP-CVD). 13.56 MHz ICP was generated inside a 38 mm diam tube supplying 7 kW rf power at 1×10−3 Torr. Films were deposited on Si(100) substrates from the B2H6+N2+He+Ar system 900 °C. Polycrystalline c-BN with grain size less than 50 nm proper ion bombardment of growing surface. The presence cubic phase has confirmed both infrared absorption spectroscopy and...

Cell-secreted nanovesicles called exosomes are expected as a promising candidate biomarker of various diseases. Toward the future application disease for low-invasive diagnostics, challenges remain in development sensitive and precise analysis methods exosomes. In this study, we performed electrokinetic evaluation individual by combined use on-chip microcapillary electrophoresis laser dark-field microscopy. We extracted from six types human cell cultured serum-free medium differential...

The high-resolution imaging of neural cells in vivo has brought about great progress neuroscience research. Here, we report a novel experimental platform, where the intact brain living mouse can be studied with aid surgically implanted micro-optical fluidic device; acting as an interface between neurons and outer world. newly developed device provides functions required for long-term observation fine structures by two-photon laser scanning microscopy microfluidic delivery chemicals or drugs...

Attoliter-volume and air-sealed reactor array for fast robust single-molecule enzyme assay.

For the fabrication of microelectromechanical system devices, deep trench etching borosilicate glass (Corning 7740) has been investigated using SF6/Ar inductively coupled plasma. Since contains metal elements which produce nonvolatile fluorides, dry its smooth surface is a difficult issue. In this article, requisite conditions for with and high mask selectivity have discussed on basis results comprehensive experimental study effects substrate bias power Ar addition removal involatile...

A healthcare chip for checking the health condition at home has been studied based on analysis of a trace amount blood collected by painless needle. microcapillary as main component flow was fabricated molding its reverse pattern made quartz plate cheap and disposable poly(ethylene terephthalate) (PET) with an area 2 cm×2 cm. The needle polishing tip stainless steel tube (SUS) 100 µm diameter angle 10 degrees using chemical mechanical (CMP) subsequently finishing it electropolishing. Coating...