Abstract The hippocampus plays a crucial role within the neural systems for long‐term memory, but little if any in short‐term retention of some types stimuli. Nonetheless, may be specialized allocentric topographical processing, which impacts on memory or even perception. To investigate this we developed performance‐matched tests perception (match‐to‐sample) and (2 s delayed‐match‐to‐sample) topography nonspatial aspects visual scenes. Four patients with focal hippocampal damage one more...

Significance Understanding how first impressions are formed to faces is a topic of major theoretical and practical interest that has been given added importance through the widespread use images in social media. We create quantitative model can predict previously unseen ambient (photographs reflecting variability encountered everyday life) from linear combination facial attributes, explaining 58% variance raters’ despite considerable photographs. Reversing this process, we then demonstrate...

A model of place-cell firing is presented that makes quantitative predictions about specific place cells' spatial receptive fields following changes to the rat's environment. cell's rate modeled as a function location by thresholded sum rates number putative cortical inputs. These inputs are tuned respond whenever an environmental boundary at particular distance and allocentric direction from rat. The initial behavior cell in any environment simply determined its set threshold; learning not...

Abstract Grey matter volume in the posterior hippocampus of London taxi drivers is greater than age‐matched controls, and size this increase correlates positively with time spent driving (E.A. Maguire et al., 2000. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 97: 4398–4403). This change suggests that increased hippocampal grey acquired response to experience, perhaps reflecting their detailed representation city. However, an alternate hypothesis difference instead associated innate navigational expertise,...

Detection of coherent motion versus noise is widely used as a measure global visual-motion processing. To localise the human brain mechanisms involved in this performance, functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was to compare activation during viewing coherently moving random dots with that spatially and temporally comparable dynamic noise. Rates reversal coherent-motion velocities (5 20 deg s −1 ) were also compared. Differences local between conditions analysed by statistical...

A large-scale virtual reality town was used to test the topographical and episodic memory of patients with unilateral temporal lobe damage. Seventeen right 13 left lobectomy were compared 16 healthy matched control subjects. After they had explored town, subjects' tested by requiring them navigate specific locations in town. The ability recognize scenes from draw maps also assessed. Following tests, subjects followed a route around same but now collected objects two different characters...

Abstract Virtual reality was used to sequentially present objects within a town square and test recognition of object locations from the same viewpoint as presentation, or shifted viewpoint. A developmental amnesic case with focal bilateral hippocampal pathology showed massive additional impairment when tested compared mild, list length‐dependent, While same‐view condition could be solved by visual pattern matching, shifted‐view requires independent representation an equivalent mechanism for...

Abstract A virtual reality environment was used to test memory performance for simulated “real‐world” spatial and episodic information in a 22‐year‐old male, Jon, who has selective bilateral hippocampal pathology caused by perinatal anoxia. He allowed explore large‐scale town then tested on his layout episodes experienced. Topographical assessing ability navigate, recognize previously visited locations, draw maps of the town. Episodic assessed testing retrieval events which consisted...

This paper provides a formalized basis for initialization in the fractional calculus. The intent is to make calculus readily accessible engineering and sciences. A modified set of definitions provided which formally include effects initialization. Conceptualizations derivatives integrals are shown. Physical examples basic elements from electronics presented along with dynamics, material science, viscoelasticity, filtering, instrumentation, electrochemistry indicate broad application theory...

Planning spatial paths through our environment is an important part of everyday life and supported by a neural system including the hippocampus prefrontal cortex. Here we investigated precise functional roles components this in humans using fMRI as participants performed simple goal-directed route-planning task. Participants had to choose shorter two routes goal visual scene that might contain barrier blocking most direct route, requiring detour, or be obscured curtain, memory for scene. The...

Neuroimaging studies have revealed strong selectivity for object categories in high-level regions of the human visual system. However, it is unknown whether this truly based on category, or reflects tuning low-level features that are common to images from a particular category. To address issue, we measured neural response different across ventral pathway. Each category elicited distinct pattern response. Next, compared patterns between categories. We found positive correlation and...

An active charge equalization technique based on a dc/dc converter topology is proposed in this paper. The achieves cell balancing of batteries stack terms both voltage and as the pack being charged/discharged idle periods to maximize energy reliability operation. A set MOSFET switches controlled by monitoring circuit ensures that each battery module has same output transferring from an individual with highest weak module. overvoltage overdischarge protection presented reduce degradation...

The binding of features into perceptual wholes is a well-established phenomenon, which has previously only been studied in the context early vision and low-level features, such as color or proximity. We hypothesized that similar process, based on higher level information, could bind people interacting groups, facilitating faster processing enhanced memory social situations. To investigate this possibility we used 3 experimental approaches to explore grouping effects displays involving...

<title>Abstract</title> Background Accurate gestational age (GA) estimation is essential for prenatal care, guiding fetal growth assessment and medical interventions. Ultrasound-based biometric measurements, though more reliable than last menstrual period, require high sonographic expertise are time-consuming, posing challenges, especially in resource-limited settings. This study aimed to develop an Artificial Intelligence (AI) model that estimates GA from any ultrasound images regardless of...

Rapid emmetropization is described in pediatrically normal infants from 9 months of age during the following year. The infants, obtained various categories Cambridge population screening program, provided a broad range refractive errors. large group 254 nonanisometropic studied allowed mean rate change and dependence on initial refraction value to be determined. Refraction was measured by cycloplegic retinoscopy. changes occurred components: spherical equivalent (MSE), astigmatism magnitude,...